● KY index is appropriate for the diagnosis of flatfoot.
● A proper footprint index for the diagnosis of flatfoot is the one that can detect mild flatfoot.
● Parameters that are extracted from the midfoot region are proper for the diagnosis of flatfoot.

Plain Language Summary 
In flatfoot deformity, the height of the longitudinal arch decreases or completely disappears. There are different methods for flatfoot diagnosis. A method for registering imprint of foot plantar which is known as footprint is invasive, simple, and convenient. There are various indexes that by calculating them, we can quantify foot morphology and diagnose the presence of flatfoot. There is no consensus concerning best existing index, and some researchers are looking for the most proper index. The present study results revealed that Sztriter-Godunov (KY) index is appropriate for the diagnosis of flatfoot.

● Shift from stable to unstable position (using Swiss ball) does not change the level of deep core muscles’ activity in women athletes
● It seems that exercising at each stable and unstable position may have not additional effects on the core muscles.

Plain Language Summary 
The body core refers to the total of muscles and lumbopelvic region structures including the lumbar spine, pelvic cavity, and hip joint. The body core resembles a box that the abdominal muscles lie in front of it; the gluteal and para-spinal muscles are in the back; the respiratory diaphragm is located on the top, and the pelvic floor muscles are located in the floor. This area has particular importance in sports because it provides proximal stability for distal mobility. One of the theories about the “core stability” exercises is the use of unstable surfaces in exercises. It has been suggested that decreasing stability during the core stability exercises (such as plank) may be associated with increased lumbosacral muscles activity. This study set to answer to the question whether the ultrasonographic activity of the lumbopelvic muscles in plank on stable and unstable surfaces differs or not? The current research aimed to ultrasonographically compare core muscles activity in front and side plank movements on stable (floor) and unstable (Swiss ball) surfaces. Results indicated that use of Swiss ball, as an unstable surface, cannot result in significant differences in level of activity of the core muscles in two plank movements. Therefore, simple plank and plank on Swiss ball movements can be posssibly used for strengthening abdominal muscles and generally trunk muscles. However, these two positions probably activate or strengthen these muscles in the same way.

● Core stability training with a Swiss ball and TRX can improve the static balance, dynamic balance, and muscular endurance abilities in males with Down syndrome.
● Core stability training with Swiss ball indicated a more considerable increase in static balance ability, compared to the core stability training with TRX.
● Core stability training with TRX suggested a more considerable increase in dynamic balance and muscular endurance abilities, compared to the core stability training with the Swiss ball.

Plain Language Summary 
People with Down Syndrome can benefit from core stability training protocols using a Swiss ball and TRX to improve their physical abilities, especially balance and muscular endurance abilities. Accordingly, they could improve their quality of life.

● Kinematic Analysis of Knee and Ankle in Volleyball Block Jump.

Plain Language Summary 
According to the Global interest in Volleyball and great tendency for improving, among volleyball players. enormous scientific investigation is performing. through various methods biochemical analysis of skills is of the great interests. Block Jump is one of the most important skills that it is recommended to concentration on it.

● The outcomes showed that the DNS breathing exercises based on developmental postural-locomotion models that utilized to stimulate ideal muscle coordination and define breathing stereotype significantly improved respiratory function.

Plain Language Summary 
To improve the respiratory function of sedentary people with poor posture, researchers regularly investigate innovative and effective exercise methods and approaches. Also, when the breathing program frequently performed under numerous positions continuously, the respiratory training will be practical and becomes a choice program that this research is presenting one of the new procedures.

● The persian version of IdFAI questionnaire has excellent reliability.
● The persian version of IdFAI questionnaire has excellent validity.
● IdFAI questionnaire can be use for iranian people with lateral ankle sprain injury.

Plain Language Summary 
Evaluation of functional ankle instability is worthwhile during rehabilitation of ankle sprain to be ensured of the complete recovery and prevent the recurrent ankle sprain. IdFAI questionnaire is unique and newest tool for diagnosis. This questionnaire translated to Persian and evaluated validity and reliability. So the present study showed Persian version of IdFAI has excellent reliability and validity in identifying Persian-speaking participants with functional ankle instability.