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Volume 16, Issue 4 ( Autumn-InPress 2026)
PTJ 2026, 16(4): 0-0 |
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Piri E, Sobhani V, Jafarnezhadgero A, Arabzadeh E, Shamsoddini A. Effects of Double Density Insoles on the Electromyographic Frequency Characteristics and Simultaneous Activation during Gait in People with Flat Feet. PTJ 2026; 16 (4)
URL: http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-694-en.html
URL: http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-694-en.html
Ebrahim Piri1 
, Vahid Sobhani *2 , AmirAli Jafarnezhadgero3 , Ehsan Arabzadeh2 , Alireza Shamsoddini2
, Vahid Sobhani *2 , AmirAli Jafarnezhadgero3 , Ehsan Arabzadeh2 , Alireza Shamsoddini2
1- Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
2- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3- Department of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3- Department of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
Abstract: (1536 Views)
Background: Evaluating muscle activation patterns such as co-contraction and frequency content can help clinicians assess neuromuscular changes during gait rehabilitation in people with pronated feet. This research examined the impact of double-density insoles on muscular co-activation and the frequency characteristics during gait in individuals with flat feet, in comparison to those with a neutral foot alignment.
Methods: Twenty males with pronated feet and 20 controls with normal feet participated. Muscle activity was recorded using surface electromyography (sEMG) at 1000 Hz while participants walked over an 18-meter walkway with and without foot orthoses. Co-contraction was calculated as 1 – (antagonist mean sEMG / agonist mean sEMG). Muscular frequency content was analysed at stance sub-phase.
Findings: Group-by-condition interaction was significant for knee flexor/extensor co-contraction at mid-stance, with post-hoc analysis showing increased co-contraction in the normal foot group when using orthoses. Interactions were significant for tibialis anterior, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and gluteus medius at propulsion. Post-hoc tests revealed increased activity in these muscles in foot group when wearing orthoses.
Conclusion: Foot orthoses did not change knee flexor/extensor co-contraction in the pronated feet group during the mid-stance. Foot orthoses improved muscular frequency content in the pronated feet group while walking.
Methods: Twenty males with pronated feet and 20 controls with normal feet participated. Muscle activity was recorded using surface electromyography (sEMG) at 1000 Hz while participants walked over an 18-meter walkway with and without foot orthoses. Co-contraction was calculated as 1 – (antagonist mean sEMG / agonist mean sEMG). Muscular frequency content was analysed at stance sub-phase.
Findings: Group-by-condition interaction was significant for knee flexor/extensor co-contraction at mid-stance, with post-hoc analysis showing increased co-contraction in the normal foot group when using orthoses. Interactions were significant for tibialis anterior, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and gluteus medius at propulsion. Post-hoc tests revealed increased activity in these muscles in foot group when wearing orthoses.
Conclusion: Foot orthoses did not change knee flexor/extensor co-contraction in the pronated feet group during the mid-stance. Foot orthoses improved muscular frequency content in the pronated feet group while walking.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Sport injury and corrective exercises
Received: 2024/11/18 | Accepted: 2025/07/13 | Published: 2026/08/19
Received: 2024/11/18 | Accepted: 2025/07/13 | Published: 2026/08/19
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