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Aslani F, Ranjbaripour T, Meschi F, Shokrgozar A, Sodagar S. The Effectiveness of Aerobic Exercise With or Without Mindfulness on Fasting Blood Sugar, Hemoglobin A1C, and Depression Levels in Women With Type 2 Diabetes. PTJ 2025; 15 (4) :333-344
URL: http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-688-en.html

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise combined with mindfulness on fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), and depression among women with type 2diabetes (T2D).
Methods: A quasi-experimental design featuring a pre-test, post-test, and three-month follow-up was used in the present study. Women with T2D who were referred to Dr. Sasan Sharghi Diabetes Center in Karaj City, Iran, in 2023 were recruited for this study. Sixty participants were randomly allocated to four groups. In addition to standard medical treatment, the aerobic exercise group underwent 12 weeks of exercise, the mindfulness group received 12 mindfulness sessions, and the combined group participated in both 12 mindfulness sessions and 36 aerobic exercise sessions. The control group received only medical treatment. All groups completed the Beck Depression Inventory, and fasting blood sugar and HbA1C levels were measured during follow-up. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Bonferroni post hoc test.
Results: The results revealed significant differences in the effectiveness of aerobic exercise compared to the combined intervention (P=0.003) and between mindfulness therapy and the combined intervention (P=0.015) in reducing fasting blood sugar, HbA1C, and depression levels. However, no statistically significant differences were observed between the effects of aerobic exercise and mindfulness therapy alone on fasting blood sugar, HbA1C, and depression levels. 
Conclusion: Aerobic exercise combined with mindfulness therapy had an ideal therapeutic impact on decreasing fasting blood sugar, HbA1C, and depression levels among T2D women.