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Volume 15, Issue 4 (Autumn 2025)
PTJ 2025, 15(4): 307-322 |
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Sakinepoor A, Degens H, Letafatkar A, Darabseh M Z, Moradi F, Mazidi M. The Effect of Exercises on Flexion Relaxation in Adolescents With Forward Head Posture and Rounded Shoulders. PTJ 2025; 15 (4) :307-322
URL: http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-678-en.html
URL: http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-678-en.html
Ainollah Sakinepoor *1 
, Hans Degens2 , Amir Letafatkar3 , Mohammad Z. Darabseh4 , Fariba Moradi5 , Maryam Mazidi6
, Hans Degens2 , Amir Letafatkar3 , Mohammad Z. Darabseh4 , Fariba Moradi5 , Maryam Mazidi6
1- Department of Physical Education, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran.
2- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom. & Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.
3- Department of Biomechanics and Sport Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
4- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
5- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran.
6- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Humanities, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
2- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom. & Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.
3- Department of Biomechanics and Sport Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
4- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
5- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran.
6- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Humanities, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
Abstract: (523 Views)
Purpose: Previous research indicates a positive correlation between the forward head and forward shoulder angle (FHRSA) and the maintenance of a flexed neck position over an extended period, leading to static stress on the musculoskeletal system. This study aimed to ascertain the benefits of a course of training on flexion-relaxation in male adolescents with forward head and forward shoulder postures.
Methods: Sixty males with FHRSA were selected for the current study and split into two groups: Corrective exercise (CE) (n=30) and non-treatment group (n=30). The intervention group underwent training. Exercises were performed twice a week for approximately 20-30 minutes, while the control group received advice on how to correct posture. Electromyography data of the upper extremities of 60 participants with FHRSA (control=30, CE=30) were recorded. At the same time, participants in both groups performed the cervical flexion–relaxation task under two different conditions (before and after the intervention). The forward head and shoulder angles were evaluated using side photography. A mixed repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized for data analysis.
Results: Significant time×group interactions were observed for electromyography (P<0.05), indicating that the response differed between the control and CE groups. CE, but not the control condition, was accompanied by a decrease in the onset time of muscle activation, indicative of improved flexion-relaxation (P<0.05). CE, but not so in the non-treatment group, resulted in a decreased forward head angle (FHA) (F [12, 0], P<0.001, ղp²=0.172) and rounded shoulder angle (RSA) (F[15, 4], P<0.001, ηp²=0.211).
Conclusion: CE can improve posture and flexion relaxation in individuals with forward head and rounded shoulders. Additionally, CE can improve posture and reduce muscle imbalances in individuals with FHRSA.
Methods: Sixty males with FHRSA were selected for the current study and split into two groups: Corrective exercise (CE) (n=30) and non-treatment group (n=30). The intervention group underwent training. Exercises were performed twice a week for approximately 20-30 minutes, while the control group received advice on how to correct posture. Electromyography data of the upper extremities of 60 participants with FHRSA (control=30, CE=30) were recorded. At the same time, participants in both groups performed the cervical flexion–relaxation task under two different conditions (before and after the intervention). The forward head and shoulder angles were evaluated using side photography. A mixed repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized for data analysis.
Results: Significant time×group interactions were observed for electromyography (P<0.05), indicating that the response differed between the control and CE groups. CE, but not the control condition, was accompanied by a decrease in the onset time of muscle activation, indicative of improved flexion-relaxation (P<0.05). CE, but not so in the non-treatment group, resulted in a decreased forward head angle (FHA) (F [12, 0], P<0.001, ղp²=0.172) and rounded shoulder angle (RSA) (F[15, 4], P<0.001, ηp²=0.211).
Conclusion: CE can improve posture and flexion relaxation in individuals with forward head and rounded shoulders. Additionally, CE can improve posture and reduce muscle imbalances in individuals with FHRSA.
Keywords: Exercise therapy, Posture, Postural balance forward head, Forward shoulder, Electromyography
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Sport injury and corrective exercises
Received: 2024/09/19 | Accepted: 2025/01/4 | Published: 2025/10/18
Received: 2024/09/19 | Accepted: 2025/01/4 | Published: 2025/10/18
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