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Volume 15, Issue 2 (Spring--In Press 2025)
PTJ 2025, 15(2): 0-0 |
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Massah O, Arab A M, Farhoudian A, Noroozi M, Hashemirad F. Is Opium Smoking A Cause of Sway Back Posture and Spinal Musculoskeletal Disorders? What is the Relation?. PTJ 2025; 15 (2)
URL: http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-643-en.html
URL: http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-643-en.html
1- Substance Abuse and Dependence Researcher Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
2- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
4- Department of Psychiatry, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
2- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
4- Department of Psychiatry, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract: (207 Views)
Objective: Opioid use disorder has increased in the world in recent years and Iran ranks first in terms of opium smoking in the world. In fact, opium smoking by traditional methods, in addition to dependence on morphine, is a behavioral addiction in Iran. The body position during opium smoking is usually non-ergonomic. This study aims to compare sway back posture and musculoskeletal problems between opium smokers and non-drug users.
Methods: This cross-sectional research is a comparative study. We selected 80 people with opium use disorder (whose main method of their consumption was smoking) and 74 non-drug users and compared them in terms of sway angle (sway back posture), and musculoskeletal complaints (NORDIC questionnaire), and also the association of possible risk factors was investigated. We analyzed data by Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Correlation Coefficient and paired-t tests using SPSS version 23.
Results: Two groups were significantly different in terms of sway back posture (P=0.007), and neck (<0.001), upper back (<0.001) and lower back (0.006) musculoskeletal complaints. Homelessness had significant correlation with sway back posture and musculoskeletal complaints. Also, daily duration of opium smoking (in minutes) and opium smoking duration in lifetime (in months) were significantly correlated. Homelessness was the strongest predictor and had the strongest correlation.
Conclusion: In general, increasing the duration of sitting in non-ergonomic positions can lead to increase in sway angle and sway back posture and increase in musculoskeletal complaints of neck, upper back and lower back due to the non-neutral posture of opium smoking. It seems that plasticity and structural and functional adaptations of the posture occurs due to opium smoking and further studies are recommended.
Methods: This cross-sectional research is a comparative study. We selected 80 people with opium use disorder (whose main method of their consumption was smoking) and 74 non-drug users and compared them in terms of sway angle (sway back posture), and musculoskeletal complaints (NORDIC questionnaire), and also the association of possible risk factors was investigated. We analyzed data by Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Correlation Coefficient and paired-t tests using SPSS version 23.
Results: Two groups were significantly different in terms of sway back posture (P=0.007), and neck (<0.001), upper back (<0.001) and lower back (0.006) musculoskeletal complaints. Homelessness had significant correlation with sway back posture and musculoskeletal complaints. Also, daily duration of opium smoking (in minutes) and opium smoking duration in lifetime (in months) were significantly correlated. Homelessness was the strongest predictor and had the strongest correlation.
Conclusion: In general, increasing the duration of sitting in non-ergonomic positions can lead to increase in sway angle and sway back posture and increase in musculoskeletal complaints of neck, upper back and lower back due to the non-neutral posture of opium smoking. It seems that plasticity and structural and functional adaptations of the posture occurs due to opium smoking and further studies are recommended.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
General
Received: 2024/06/1 | Accepted: 2024/12/9 | Published: 2025/12/19
Received: 2024/06/1 | Accepted: 2024/12/9 | Published: 2025/12/19
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