Wed, Nov 13, 2024
Volume 7, Issue 3 (Autumn 2017)
PTJ 2017, 7(3): 141-148 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Farahpour N, Sharifmoradi K, Azizi S. Effect of Fatigue on Knee Kinematics and Kinetics During Walking in Individuals With Flat Feet. PTJ 2017; 7 (3) :141-148
URL: http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-352-en.html
URL: http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-352-en.html
1- Department of Management and Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran.
2- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, School of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
2- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, School of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
Abstract: (4991 Views)
Purpose: Flat feet associates with altered knee kinematics, kinetics, as well as knee pain. Fatigue of plantar intrinsic foot muscles may increase the navicular drop. However, it is unclear how fatigue influences the knee pain in individuals with flat feet. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of fatigue on knee kinematics and kinetics in flat feet people during walking.
Methods: This is a quasi-experimental research. Ten individuals with flat feet (Mean±SD age: 24.4±2.16 y; Mean±SD height: 177.2±4.31 cm; Mean±SD mass: 81.9±17.4 kg) and 10 normal subjects (Mean±SD age: 25.28±6.33 y; Mean±SD height: 168.61±27.71 cm; Mean±SD mass: 78.13±26.93 kg) were participated in this study. A Vicon motion analysis system (100 Hz) with four cameras and two Kistler force plates (1000 Hz) were used to measure knee kinematics and kinetics during gait before and after fatigue. For between group and within group comparisons, the Independent t test and repeated measures analysis of variance were used, respectively. SPSS (V. 22) was used to analyze data with the significance level of P<0.05.
Results: Knee range of motion of flat feet group in frontal plane (9.37±2.54 degree) was significantly higher than that of healthy group (P=0.01) in the pretest. In the flat feet group, the knee moment in sagittal, frontal, and horizontal plan was significantly greater than those in the healthy group by 0.86 (P=0.002), 0.25 (P=0.016) and 0.19 (P=0.000) Nm/BW, respectively in the pretest. Adductor moment increased after fatigue protocol in the healthy group by 0.08 Nm/BW.
Conclusion: Before exhaustion, the knee moments in sagittal, frontal, and horizontal planes in the flat feet group were significantly higher than that in the healthy group. In the flat feet group, fatigue resulted in a decrease on the knee flexion and abduction moments and increase in knee ROM in sagittal and frontal plane in the flat foot group. The decreased knee muscle moments may result in an increased loading on the knee joint. It appears that extreme exhausting activity might place the knees of flat feet individuals at the risk of pathology and injury.
Methods: This is a quasi-experimental research. Ten individuals with flat feet (Mean±SD age: 24.4±2.16 y; Mean±SD height: 177.2±4.31 cm; Mean±SD mass: 81.9±17.4 kg) and 10 normal subjects (Mean±SD age: 25.28±6.33 y; Mean±SD height: 168.61±27.71 cm; Mean±SD mass: 78.13±26.93 kg) were participated in this study. A Vicon motion analysis system (100 Hz) with four cameras and two Kistler force plates (1000 Hz) were used to measure knee kinematics and kinetics during gait before and after fatigue. For between group and within group comparisons, the Independent t test and repeated measures analysis of variance were used, respectively. SPSS (V. 22) was used to analyze data with the significance level of P<0.05.
Results: Knee range of motion of flat feet group in frontal plane (9.37±2.54 degree) was significantly higher than that of healthy group (P=0.01) in the pretest. In the flat feet group, the knee moment in sagittal, frontal, and horizontal plan was significantly greater than those in the healthy group by 0.86 (P=0.002), 0.25 (P=0.016) and 0.19 (P=0.000) Nm/BW, respectively in the pretest. Adductor moment increased after fatigue protocol in the healthy group by 0.08 Nm/BW.
Conclusion: Before exhaustion, the knee moments in sagittal, frontal, and horizontal planes in the flat feet group were significantly higher than that in the healthy group. In the flat feet group, fatigue resulted in a decrease on the knee flexion and abduction moments and increase in knee ROM in sagittal and frontal plane in the flat foot group. The decreased knee muscle moments may result in an increased loading on the knee joint. It appears that extreme exhausting activity might place the knees of flat feet individuals at the risk of pathology and injury.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2017/02/10 | Accepted: 2017/07/25 | Published: 2017/10/1
Received: 2017/02/10 | Accepted: 2017/07/25 | Published: 2017/10/1
References
1. Chen JP, Chung MJ, Wang MJ. Flatfoot prevalence and foot dimensions of 5- to 13- Year Old Children in Taiwan. Foot & Ankle International. 2009; 30(4):326-32. [DOI:10.3113/FAI.2009.0326] [PMID] [DOI:10.3113/FAI.2009.0326]
2. Burns J, Keenan AM, Redmond A. Foot type and overuse injury in triathletes. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association. 2005; 95(3):235-41. [DOI:10.7547/0950235] [PMID] [DOI:10.7547/0950235]
3. Barnes A, Wheat J, Milner C. Association between foot type and tibial stress injuries: A systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2008; 42(2):93-8. [DOI:10.1136/bjsm.2007.036533] [PMID] [DOI:10.1136/bjsm.2007.036533]
4. Kosashvili Y, Fridman T, Backstein D, Safir O, Ziv YB. The correlation between pes planus and anterior knee or intermittent low back pain. Foot & Ankle International. 2008; 29(9):910-3. [DOI:10.3113/FAI.2008.0910] [PMID] [DOI:10.3113/FAI.2008.0910]
5. Harradine P, Bevan L, Carter N. An overview of podiatric biomechanics theory and its relation to selected gait dysfunction. Physiotherapy. 2006; 92(2):122-7. [DOI:10.1016/j.physio.2005.10.003] [DOI:10.1016/j.physio.2005.10.003]
6. Bird A, Payne C. Foot function and low back pain. The Foot. 1999; 9(4):175-80. [DOI:10.1054/foot.1999.0563] [DOI:10.1054/foot.1999.0563]
7. Tiberio D. The effect of excessive subtalar joint pronation on patellofemoral mechanics: A theoretical model. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 1987; 9(4):160-5. [DOI:10.2519/jospt.1987.9.4.160] [DOI:10.2519/jospt.1987.9.4.160]
8. Gandevia SC, Allen GM, McKenzie DK. Central fatigue. In: Cohen IR, Lajjtha A, Lambris JD, Paoletti R, Rezaei N, editors. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Cambridge: New & Forthcoming Titles; 1967.[DOI:10.1007/978-1-4899-1016-5] [DOI:10.1007/978-1-4899-1016-5]
9. Yoshino K, Motoshige T, Araki T, Matsuoka K. Effect of prolonged free-walking fatigue on gait and physiological rhythm. Journal of Biomechanics. 2004; 37(8):1271-80. [DOI:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2003.11.031] [PMID] [DOI:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2003.11.031]
10. Barbieri FA, dos Santos PCR, Vitório R, van Dieën JH, Gobbi LTB. Effect of muscle fatigue and physical activity level in motor control of the gait of young adults. Gait & Posture. 2013; 38(4):702-7. [DOI:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.03.006] [PMID] [DOI:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.03.006]
11. Qu X, Yeo JC. Effects of load carriage and fatigue on gait characteristics. Journal of Biomechanics. 2011; 44(7):1259-63. [DOI:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.02.016] [PMID] [DOI:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.02.016]
12. Hamacher D, Törpel A, Hamacher D, Schega L. The effect of physical exhaustion on gait stability in young and older individuals. Gait & Posture. 2016; 48:137-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.05.007] [PMID] [DOI:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.05.007]
13. Parijat P, Lockhart TE. Effects of quadriceps fatigue on the biomechanics of gait and slip propensity. Gait & Posture. 2008; 28(4):568-73. [DOI:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2008.04.001] [PMID] [PMCID] [DOI:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2008.04.001]
14. Longpré HS, Potvin JR, Maly MR. Biomechanical changes at the knee after lower limb fatigue in healthy young women. Clinical Biomechanics. 2013; 28(4):441-7. [DOI:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2013.02.010] [PMID] [DOI:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2013.02.010]
15. Hunt MA, Hatfield GL. Ankle and knee biomechanics during normal walking following ankle plantarflexor fatigue. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. 2017; 35:24-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.jelekin.2017.05.007] [PMID] [DOI:10.1016/j.jelekin.2017.05.007]
16. Bertani MC. Differences of foot arch index and plantar pressure in elderly people during standing: Considering gender, age and foot dominance [MSc. thesis]. Porto: University of Porto; 2014.
17. Menz HB. Alternative techniques for the clinical assessment of foot pronation. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association. 1998; 88(3):119-29. [DOI:10.7547/87507315-88-3-119] [PMID] [DOI:10.7547/87507315-88-3-119]
18. Saltzman CL, Nawoczenski DA, Talbot KD. Measurement of the medial longitudinal arch. Archives of Physical medicine and Rehabilitation. 1995; 76(1):45-9. [DOI:10.1016/S0003-9993(95)80041-7] [DOI:10.1016/S0003-9993(95)80041-7]
19. McCrory J, Young M, Boulton A, Cavanagh P. Arch index as a predictor of arch height. The Foot. 1997; 7(2):79-81. [DOI:10.1016/S0958-2592(97)90052-3] [DOI:10.1016/S0958-2592(97)90052-3]
20. Menz HB, Munteanu SE. Validity of 3 clinical techniques for the measurement of static foot posture in older people. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 2005; 35(8):479-86. [DOI:10.2519/jospt.2005.35.8.479] [PMID] [DOI:10.2519/jospt.2005.35.8.479]
21. Murley GS, Menz HB, Landorf KB. Foot posture influences the electromyographic activity of selected lower limb muscles during gait. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research. 2009; 2(1):35. [DOI:10.1186/1757-1146-2-35] [PMID] [PMCID] [DOI:10.1186/1757-1146-2-35]
22. Borg G. Borg's perceived exertion and pain scales. Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics; 1998.
23. Tiberio D. Pathomechanics of structural foot deformities. Physical Therapy. 1988; 68(12):1840-9. [DOI:10.1093/ptj/68.12.1840] [PMID] [DOI:10.1093/ptj/68.12.1840]
24. Dierks TA, Manal KT, Hamill J, Davis IS. Proximal and distal influences on hip and knee kinematics in runners with patellofemoral pain during a prolonged run. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 2008; 38(8):448-56. [DOI:10.2519/jospt.2008.2490] [PMID] [DOI:10.2519/jospt.2008.2490]
25. Williams DS, McClay IS, Hamill J, Buchanan TS. Lower extremity kinematic and kinetic differences in runners with high and low arches. Journal of Applied Biomechanics. 2001; 17(2):153-63. [DOI:10.1123/jab.17.2.153] [DOI:10.1123/jab.17.2.153]
26. Buldt AK, Levinger P, Murley GS, Menz HB, Nester CJ, Landorf KB. Foot posture and function have only minor effects on knee function during barefoot walking in healthy individuals. Clinical Biomechanics. 2015; 30(5):431-7. [DOI:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2015.03.014] [PMID] [DOI:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2015.03.014]
27. Andriacchi TP, Briant PL, Bevill SL, Koo S. Rotational changes at the knee after ACL injury cause cartilage thinning. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 2006; 442(442):39-44. [DOI:10.1097/01.blo.0000197079.26600.09] [PMID] [DOI:10.1097/01.blo.0000197079.26600.09]
28. Landry SC, McKean KA, Hubley-Kozey CL, Stanish WD, Deluzio KJ. Knee biomechanics of moderate OA patients measured during gait at a self-selected and fast walking speed. Journal of Biomechanics. 2007; 40(8):1754-61. [DOI:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2006.08.010] [PMID] [DOI:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2006.08.010]
29. Mündermann A, Dyrby CO, Andriacchi TP. Secondary gait changes in patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis: increased load at the ankle, knee, and hip during walking. Arthritis & Rheumatology. 2005; 52(9):2835-44. [DOI:10.1002/art.21262] [PMID] [DOI:10.1002/art.21262]
30. Murdock GH, Hubley-Kozey CL. Effect of a high intensity quadriceps fatigue protocol on knee joint mechanics and muscle activation during gait in young adults. European journal of Applied Physiology. 2012; 112(2):439-49. [DOI:10.1007/s00421-011-1990-4] [PMID] [DOI:10.1007/s00421-011-1990-4]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-By-NC), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
Contact Information
