Sat, Nov 23, 2024
Volume 7, Issue 1 (Spring 2017)
PTJ 2017, 7(1): 41-48 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Rasouli A, Jamshidi A, Sohani S. Comparing the Isometric Strength of the Shoulder and Scapulothoracic Muscles in Volleyball and Futsal Athletes. PTJ 2017; 7 (1) :41-48
URL: http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-321-en.html
URL: http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-321-en.html
1- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract: (6538 Views)
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the symmetry of the isometric strength of the shoulder and scapulothoracic muscles in volleyball and futsal athletes.
Methods: In this case-control study, the strength of the scapulothoracic muscles and rotation of the shoulders in 20 adult volleyball athletes and 20 futsal adult athletes, who were randomly selected from sports clubs around Tehran, were measured using a manual dynamometer. The obtained data between the different groups and within the individual groups were compared by Independent and paired t tests, respectively.
Results: The isometric strength of the external rotator muscles, internal rotator muscles, upper trapezius and serratus anterior of the dominant side of volleyball and futsal athletes were different (P<0.05). The isometric strength of the same muscles in the dominant side of the volleyball athletes was more than the non-dominant side (P<0.05). However, the isometric strength of the middle trapezius and rhomboid muscles were less. The ratio of agonist to antagonist, in all muscle groups between two groups, in the dominant side as well as between the dominant and non-dominant side, were different in volleyball athletes.
Conclusion: In volleyball athletes, disturbances in the strength ratio of the agonist and antagonist muscles of the scapula, and weaknesses in these muscles, impair the dynamic stability of the scapula and shoulder joints and disturbances in the rhythm of the scapulohumeral muscles. It is recommended that during training, assessment and treatment of these athletes strengthening these muscles be considered.
Methods: In this case-control study, the strength of the scapulothoracic muscles and rotation of the shoulders in 20 adult volleyball athletes and 20 futsal adult athletes, who were randomly selected from sports clubs around Tehran, were measured using a manual dynamometer. The obtained data between the different groups and within the individual groups were compared by Independent and paired t tests, respectively.
Results: The isometric strength of the external rotator muscles, internal rotator muscles, upper trapezius and serratus anterior of the dominant side of volleyball and futsal athletes were different (P<0.05). The isometric strength of the same muscles in the dominant side of the volleyball athletes was more than the non-dominant side (P<0.05). However, the isometric strength of the middle trapezius and rhomboid muscles were less. The ratio of agonist to antagonist, in all muscle groups between two groups, in the dominant side as well as between the dominant and non-dominant side, were different in volleyball athletes.
Conclusion: In volleyball athletes, disturbances in the strength ratio of the agonist and antagonist muscles of the scapula, and weaknesses in these muscles, impair the dynamic stability of the scapula and shoulder joints and disturbances in the rhythm of the scapulohumeral muscles. It is recommended that during training, assessment and treatment of these athletes strengthening these muscles be considered.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2016/10/20 | Accepted: 2017/02/4 | Published: 2017/04/1
Received: 2016/10/20 | Accepted: 2017/02/4 | Published: 2017/04/1
References
1. Picavet HSJ, Schouten JSAG. Musculoskeletal pain in the Netherlands: Prevalences, consequences and risk groups, the DMC3-study. Pain. 2003; 102(1):167–78. doi: 10.1016/s0304-3959(02)00372-x [DOI:10.1016/s0304-3959(02)00372-x]
2. Kamkar A, Irrgang JJ, Whitney SL. Nonoperative Management of secondary shoulder impingement syndrome. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 1993; 17(5):212–24. doi: 10.2519/jospt.1993.17.5.212 [DOI:10.2519/jospt.1993.17.5.212]
3. Hertling, D, Kessler RM. Management of common musculoskeletal disorders: Physical therapy principles and methods. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006.
4. Baltaci G, Tunay VB. Isokinetic performance at diagonal pattern and shoulder mobility in elite overhead athletes. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. 2004; 14(4):231–8. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2004.00348.x [DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2004.00348.x]
5. Magnusson, SP, Gleim GW, Nicholas JA. Shoulder weakness in professional baseball pitchers. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1994; 26(1):5-9. doi: 10.1249/00005768-199401000-00003 [DOI:10.1249/00005768-199401000-00003]
6. Lo YP, Hsu YC, Chan KM. Epidemiology of shoulder impingement in upper arm sports events. British Journal of Sports Medicine. BMJ; 1990; 24(3):173–7. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.24.3.173 [DOI:10.1136/bjsm.24.3.173]
7. Ben Kibler W. The Role of the Scapula in Athletic Shoulder Function. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 1998; 26(2):325–37. doi: 10.1177/03635465980260022801 [DOI:10.1177/03635465980260022801]
8. Ludewig PM, Cook TM. Alterations in shoulder kinematics and associated muscle activity in people with symptoms of shoulder impingement. Physical Therapy. 2000; 80(3):276-91. doi: 10.1093/ptj/80.3.276 [DOI:10.1093/ptj/80.3.276]
9. Fieseler G, Jungermann P, Koke A, Irlenbusch L, Delank KS, Schwesig R. Range of motion and isometric strength of shoulder joints of team handball athletes during the playing season, part II: Changes after midseason. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2015; 24(3):391–8. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2014.07.019 [DOI:10.1016/j.jse.2014.07.019]
10. Cools AM, Declercq GA, Cambier DC, Mahieu NN, Witvrouw EE. Trapezius activity and intramuscular balance during isokinetic exercise in overhead athletes with impingement symptoms. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. 2006; 17(1):25-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2006.00570.x [DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2006.00570.x]
11. Paine RM, Voight M. The role of the scapula. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy; 1993; 18(1):386–91. doi: 10.2519/jospt.1993.18.1.386 [DOI:10.2519/jospt.1993.18.1.386]
12. Barlow JC, Benjamin BW, Birt PJ, Hughes CJ. Shoulder strength and range-of-motion characteristics in bodybuilders. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2002; 16(3):367–72. doi: 10.1519/00124278-200208000-00006 [DOI:10.1519/00124278-200208000-00006]
13. Leggin BG, Neuman RM, Iannotti JP, Williams GR, Thompson EC. Intrarater and interrater reliability of three isometric dynamometers in assessing shoulder strength. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 1996; 5(1):18–24. doi: 10.1016/s1058-2746(96)80026-7 [DOI:10.1016/S1058-2746(96)80026-7]
14. Hurd WJ, Kaplan KM, Elattrache NS, Jobe FW, Morrey BF, Kaufman KR. A profile of glenohumeral internal and external rotation motion in the uninjured high school baseball pitcher, part II: Strength. Journal of Athletic Training. 2011; 46(3):289–95. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-46.3.289 [DOI:10.4085/1062-6050-46.3.289]
15. Turner N, Ferguson K, Mobley BW, Riemann B, Davies G. Establishing normative data on scapulothoracic musculature using handheld dynamometry. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation. Human Kinetics; 2009; 18(4):502–20. doi: 10.1123/jsr.18.4.502 [DOI:10.1123/jsr.18.4.502]
16. Ekstrom RA. Comparing the function of the upper and lower parts of the serratus anterior muscle using surface electromyography. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 2004; doi: 10.2519/jospt.2004.1345 [DOI:10.2519/jospt.2004.1345]
17. Michener LA, Boardman ND, Pidcoe PE, Frith AM. Scapular muscle tests in subjects with shoulder pain and functional loss: Reliability and construct validity. Physical Therapy. 2005; doi: 10.1093/ptj/85.11.1128 [DOI:10.1093/ptj/85.11.1128]
18. Ekstrom RA, Soderberg GL, Donatelli RA. Normalization procedures using maximum voluntary isometric contractions for the serratus anterior and trapezius muscles during surface EMG analysis. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. 2005; 15(4):418–28. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2004.09.006 [DOI:10.1016/j.jelekin.2004.09.006]
19. Hislop H, Avers D, Brown M. Daniels and Worthingham's muscle testing: Techniques of manual examination and performance testing. Berlin: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2013.
20. Ekstrom RA, Donatelli RA, Soderberg GL. Surface electromyographic analysis of exercises for the trapezius and serratus anterior muscles. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 2003; 33(5):247–58. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2003.33.5.247 [DOI:10.2519/jospt.2003.33.5.247]
21. Smith J, Padgett DJ, Kaufman KR, Harrington SP, An K-N, Irby SE. Rhomboid muscle electromyography activity during 3 different manual muscle tests11No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the author(s) or upon any organization with which the author(s) is/are associated. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2004; 85(6):987–92. doi: 10.1016/s0003-9993(03)00618-x [DOI:10.1016/S0003-9993(03)00618-X]
22. Lorenz DS. The importance of the posterior capsule of the shoulder in overhead athletes. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 2005; 27(4):60–2. doi: 10.1519/00126548-200508000-00010 [DOI:10.1519/00126548-200508000-00010]
23. McClure PW, Michener LA, Karduna AR. Shoulder function and 3-dimensional scapular kinematics in people with and without shoulder impingement syndrome. Physical Therapy, 2006. 86(8):1075-1090. doi: 10.1093/ptj/86.8.1075 [DOI:10.1093/ptj/86.8.1075]
24. Smith J, Dietrich CT, Kotajarvi BR, Kaufman KR. The effect of scapular protraction on isometric shoulder rotation strength in normal subjects. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2006; 15(3):339–43. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2005.08.023 [DOI:10.1016/j.jse.2005.08.023]
25. Alfredson H, Pietilä T, Lorentzon R. Concentric and eccentric shoulder and elbow muscle strength in female volleyball players and non-active females. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 1998; 8(5):265–70. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.1998.tb00481.x [DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0838.1998.tb00481.x]
26. Wilk KE, Meister K, Andrews JR. Current concepts in the rehabilitation of the overhead throwing athlete. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2002; 30(1):136–51. doi: 10.1177/03635465020300011201 [DOI:10.1177/03635465020300011201]
27. Escamilla RF, Andrews JR. Shoulder muscle recruitment patterns and related biomechanics during upper extremity sports. Sports Medicine. 2009; 39(7):569–90. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200939070-00004 [DOI:10.2165/00007256-200939070-00004]
28. Myers JB, Laudner KG, Pasquale MR, Bradley JP, Lephart SM. Scapular position and orientation in throwing athletes. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2005; 33(2):263–71. doi: 10.1177/0363546504268138 [DOI:10.1177/0363546504268138]
29. Ganong WF, Ganong W. Review of medical physiology.Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Lange Norwalk; 1995.
30. Kisner C, Colby LA. Therapeutic exercise: foundations and techniques. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company; 2012. [PMCID]
31. Donatelli R, Ellenbecker TS, Ekedahl SR, Wilkes JS, Kocher K, Adam J. Assessment of shoulder strength in professional baseball pitchers. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 2000; 30(9):544–51. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2000.30.9.544 [DOI:10.2519/jospt.2000.30.9.544]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-By-NC), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
Contact Information
