سه شنبه 6 آذر 1403
دوره 8، شماره 2 - ( 4-1397 )
جلد 8 شماره 2 صفحات 76-63 |
برگشت به فهرست نسخه ها
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Bahiraei S, Daneshmandi H, Norasteh A A, Sokhangoei Y. The Study of Biomechanical Gait Cycle and Balance Characteristics in Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Review. PTJ 2018; 8 (2) :63-76
URL: http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-360-fa.html
URL: http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-360-fa.html
The Study of Biomechanical Gait Cycle and Balance Characteristics in Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Review. فصلنامه فیزیک درمانی. 1397; 8 (2) :63-76
چکیده: (5220 مشاهده)
Purpose: Gait and balance are functionally related to motor performance. This study aimed to determine biomechanical features of gait in people with intellectual disabilities by reviewing articles published from 1992 to 2017.
Methods: In this systematic review, all quantitative studies related to gait and balance of people with intellectual disabilities were searched from Persian databases (Magiran, Irandoc, IranMedex, MedLib, SID, and Google Scholar) and all full text articles with keywords of “intellectual disability”, “balance”, “postural control”, and “gait” were extracted from English databases (Science Direct, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Review, TRIP, Pedro, CINAHL, ProQuest). Then, after complete review of articles, the English and Persian published papers on biomechanical parameters of gait cycle and balance in intellectual disabilities and related factors were extracted. Also, a “Data Extraction Form” which was developed based on research objectives, was used for data collection. Out of 56 related papers and research projects, 20 articles were excluded due to lack of meeting the inclusion criteria. Finally, 36 papers and research projects were included in this study.
Results: Of the 36 remained studies, the results showed that intellectual disabilities are usually accompanied with gait disorders, especially in step length, stride length, shorter step width, and lower velocity. It also has kinetic and kinematic disorders, including reduction of the ankle production power in the push-off phase, increased hip and knee flexion at stance phase, knee limitation and plantar ankle flexion at the heel contact, and joint stiffness during the gait cycle. The results showed that individuals with intellectual disabilities had significantly lower scores in the balance tests compared to their healthy peers.
Conclusion: Based on the results, the prevalence of gait disorders and balance in people with intellectual disability is high. Preventive measures should be taken in order to control gait disorders and balance. Therefore, it is suggested that occupational therapists, physiotherapists, sports experts, nurses, and other stakeholders try to find therapeutic strategies for preventing, control, and treatment of gait disorders. Also, because of the lack of intervention studies, future research must move from description to intervention studies in order to provide a guideline in clinical settings.
Methods: In this systematic review, all quantitative studies related to gait and balance of people with intellectual disabilities were searched from Persian databases (Magiran, Irandoc, IranMedex, MedLib, SID, and Google Scholar) and all full text articles with keywords of “intellectual disability”, “balance”, “postural control”, and “gait” were extracted from English databases (Science Direct, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Review, TRIP, Pedro, CINAHL, ProQuest). Then, after complete review of articles, the English and Persian published papers on biomechanical parameters of gait cycle and balance in intellectual disabilities and related factors were extracted. Also, a “Data Extraction Form” which was developed based on research objectives, was used for data collection. Out of 56 related papers and research projects, 20 articles were excluded due to lack of meeting the inclusion criteria. Finally, 36 papers and research projects were included in this study.
Results: Of the 36 remained studies, the results showed that intellectual disabilities are usually accompanied with gait disorders, especially in step length, stride length, shorter step width, and lower velocity. It also has kinetic and kinematic disorders, including reduction of the ankle production power in the push-off phase, increased hip and knee flexion at stance phase, knee limitation and plantar ankle flexion at the heel contact, and joint stiffness during the gait cycle. The results showed that individuals with intellectual disabilities had significantly lower scores in the balance tests compared to their healthy peers.
Conclusion: Based on the results, the prevalence of gait disorders and balance in people with intellectual disability is high. Preventive measures should be taken in order to control gait disorders and balance. Therefore, it is suggested that occupational therapists, physiotherapists, sports experts, nurses, and other stakeholders try to find therapeutic strategies for preventing, control, and treatment of gait disorders. Also, because of the lack of intervention studies, future research must move from description to intervention studies in order to provide a guideline in clinical settings.
فهرست منابع
1. Harris JC. Intellectual disability: Understanding its development, causes, classification, evaluation, and treatment. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2006.
2. Maulik PK, Mascarenhas MN, Mathers CD, Dua T, Saxena S. Prevalence of intellectual disability: A meta-analysis of population-based studies. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 2011; 32(2):419-36. [DOI:10.1016/j.ridd.2010.12.018] [PMID] [DOI:10.1016/j.ridd.2010.12.018]
3. Wu J, Ulrich DA, Looper J, Tiernan CW, Angulo Barroso RM. Strategy adoption and locomotor adjustment in obstacle clearance of newly walking toddlers with Down syndrome after different treadmill interventions. Experimental Brain Research. 2008; 186(2):261-72. [DOI:10.1007/s00221-007-1230-7] [PMID] [DOI:10.1007/s00221-007-1230-7]
4. Rahmani P, Shahrokhi H. The study of static and dynamic balance in mentally retarded female students with and without Down Syndrome (DS). Journal of Sports Medicine. 2012; 2(2):97-113.
5. Cabeza Ruiz R, García Massó X, Centeno Prada R, Beas Jiménez J, Colado J, González LM. Time and frequency analysis of the static balance in young adults with Down syndrome. Gait & Posture. 2011; 33(1):23-8. [DOI:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.09.014] [PMID] [DOI:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.09.014]
6. Galli M, Rigoldi C, Mainardi L, Tenore N, Onorati P, Albertini G. Postural control in patients with Down syndrome. Disability and Rehabilitation. 2008; 30(17):1274-8. [DOI:10.1080/09638280701610353] [PMID] [DOI:10.1080/09638280701610353]
7. World Health Organization. nternational Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2007.
8. Evenhuis HM. Want ik wil nog lang leven: Moderne gezondheidszorg voor mensen met verstandelijke beperkingen: Zoetermeer: Raad voor de Volksgezondheid en Zorg; 2002.
9. Janicki M, Dalton AJ, Michael Henderson C, Davidson PW. Mortality and morbidity among older adults with intellectual disability: Health services considerations. Disability and Rehabilitation. 1999; 21(5-6):284-94. [DOI:10.1080/096382899297710] [PMID] [DOI:10.1080/096382899297710]
10. Hall JM, Thomas MJ. Promoting physical activity and exercise in older adults with developmental disabilities. Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation. 2008; 24(1):64-73. [DOI:10.1097/01.TGR.0000311407.09178.55] [DOI:10.1097/01.TGR.0000311407.09178.55]
11. Horvat M, Croce R, Zagrodnik J, Brooks B, Carter K. Spatial and temporal variability of movement parameters in individuals with down syndrome. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 2012; 114(3):774-82. [DOI:10.2466/25.15.26.PMS.114.3.774-782] [PMID] [DOI:10.2466/25.15.26.PMS.114.3.774-782]
12. Kim BS, Bang D, Kim BO. Gait characteristics in down's syndrome. Gait & Posture. 1995; 3(2):84. [DOI:10.1016/0966-6362(95)93460-T] [DOI:10.1016/0966-6362(95)93460-T]
13. Smith BA, Ulrich BD. Early onset of stabilizing strategies for gait and obstacles: Older adults with down syndrome. Gait & Posture. 2008; 28(3):448-55. [DOI:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2008.02.002] [PMID] [PMCID] [DOI:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2008.02.002]
14. Gretz HR, Doering LL, Quinn J, Raftopoulos M, Nelson AJ, Zwick DE. Functional ambulation performance testing of adults with down syndrome. NeuroRehabilitation. 1998; 11(3):211-25. [DOI:10.1016/S1053-8135(98)00023-7] [DOI:10.1016/S1053-8135(98)00023-7]
15. Vismara L, Romei M, Galli M, Montesano A, Baccalaro G, Crivellini M, et al. Clinical implications of gait analysis in the rehabilitation of adult patients with" Prader-Willi" syndrome: A cross-sectional comparative study (" Prader-Willi" syndrome vs matched obese patients and healthy subjects). Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation. 2007; 4:14. [DOI:10.1186/1743-0003-4-14] [PMID] [PMCID] [DOI:10.1186/1743-0003-4-14]
16. Cimolin V, Galli M, Grugni G, Vismara L, Albertini G, Rigoldi C, et al. Gait patterns in Prader-Willi and down syndrome patients. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation. 2010; 7:28. [DOI:10.1186/1743-0003-7-28] [PMID] [PMCID] [DOI:10.1186/1743-0003-7-28]
17. Rigoldi C, Galli M, Cimolin V, Camerota F, Celletti C, Tenore N, et al. Gait strategy in patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome hypermobility type and Down syndrome. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 2012; 33(5):1437-42. [DOI:10.1016/j.ridd.2012.03.016] [PMID] [DOI:10.1016/j.ridd.2012.03.016]
18. Sparrow W, Shinkfield AJ, Summers J. Gait characteristics in individuals with mental retardation: Unobstructed level-walking, negotiating obstacles, and stair climbing. Human Movement Science. 1998; 17(2):167-87. [DOI:10.1016/S0167-9457(97)00028-6] [DOI:10.1016/S0167-9457(97)00028-6]
19. Rigoldi C, Galli M, Albertini G. Gait development during lifespan in subjects with down syndrome. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 2011; 32(1):158-63. [DOI:10.1016/j.ridd.2010.09.009] [PMID] [DOI:10.1016/j.ridd.2010.09.009]
20. Galli M, Rigoldi C, Brunner R, Virji Babul N, Giorgio A. Joint stiffness and gait pattern evaluation in children with Down syndrome. Gait & Posture. 2008; 28(3):502-6. [DOI:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2008.03.001] [PMID] [DOI:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2008.03.001]
21. Rigoldi C, Galli M, Tenore N, Onorati P, Carducci F, Crivellini M, et al. Relation between quantitative motion analysis and cerebral volumes analysis in down syndrome subjects. Gait & Posture. 2008; 29(1):e31. [DOI:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2008.10.050] [DOI:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2008.10.050]
22. Haynes CA, Lockhart TE. Evaluation of gait and slip parameters for adults with intellectual disability. Journal of Biomechanics. 2012; 45(14):2337-41. [DOI:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.07.003] [PMID] [PMCID] [DOI:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.07.003]
23. Cioni M, Cocilovo A, Rossi F, Paci D, Valle MS. Analysis of ankle kinetics during walking in individuals with Down syndrome. American Journal of Mental Retardation. 2001; 106(5):470-8. [DOI:10.1352/0895-8017(2001)1062.0.CO;2]
https://doi.org/10.1352/0895-8017(2001)106<0470:AOAKDW>2.0.CO;2 [DOI:10.1352/0895-8017(2001)1062.0.CO;2]
24. Wu J, Ajisafe T. Kinetic patterns of treadmill walking in preadolescents with and without down syndrome. Gait & Posture. 2014; 39(1):241-6. [DOI:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.07.113] [PMID] [DOI:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.07.113]
25. Oppewal A, Hilgenkamp TI. The dual task effect on gait in adults with intellectual disabilities: Is it predictive for falls? Disability and Rehabilitation. 2017:1-7. [DOI:10.1080/09638288.2017.1370730] [PMID] [DOI:10.1080/09638288.2017.1370730]
26. Agiovlasitis S, McCubbin JA, Yun J, Mpitsos G, Pavol MJ. Effects of down syndrome on three-dimensional motion during walking at different speeds. Gait & Posture. 2009; 30(3):345-50. [DOI:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.06.003] [PMID] [DOI:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.06.003]
27. Agiovlasitis S, McCubbin JA, Yun J, Pavol MJ, Widrick JJ. Economy and preferred speed of walking in adults with and without Down syndrome. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly. 2009; 26(2):118-30. [DOI:10.1123/apaq.26.2.118] [PMID] [DOI:10.1123/apaq.26.2.118]
28. Lopes Pedralli M, Schelle GH. Gait evaluation in individuals with down syndrome. Brazilian Journal of Biomotricity. 2013; 7(1):20-7.
29. Looper J, Benjamin D, Nolan M, Schumm L. What to measure when determining orthotic needs in children with Down syndrome: A pilot study. Pediatric Physical Therapy. 2012; 24(4):313-9. [DOI:10.1097/PEP.0b013e31826896eb] [PMID] [DOI:10.1097/PEP.0b013e31826896eb]
30. Lee KJ, Lee MM, Shin DC, Shin SH, Song CH. The effects of a balance exercise program for enhancement of gait function on temporal and spatial gait parameters in young people with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2014; 26(4):513-6. [DOI:10.1589/jpts.26.513] [PMID] [PMCID] [DOI:10.1589/jpts.26.513]
31. Carmeli E, Kessel S, Bar Chad S, Merrick J. A comparison between older persons with down syndrome and a control group: clinical characteristics, functional status and sensorimotor function. Down's Syndrome, Research and Practice. 2004; 9(1):17-24. [PMID] [PMID]
32. Lahtinen U, Rintala P, Malin A. Physical performance of individuals with intellectual disability: A 30-year follow-up. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly. 2007; 24(2):125-43. [DOI:10.1123/apaq.24.2.125] [PMID] [DOI:10.1123/apaq.24.2.125]
33. Carvalho R, Almeida G. Assessment of postural adjustments in persons with intellectual disability during balance on the seesaw. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. 2009; 53(4):389-95. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2008.01147.x] [PMID] [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2008.01147.x]
34. Okuzumi H, Tanaka A, Haishi K. Relationship between age and head movement during stepping in place by nonhandicapped children and persons with mental retardation. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 1997; 85(1):375-81. [DOI:10.2466/pms.1997.85.1.375] [PMID] [DOI:10.2466/pms.1997.85.1.375]
35. Dellavia C, Pallavera A, Orlando F, Sforza C. Postural stability of athletes in special olympics. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 2009; 108(2):608-22. [DOI:10.2466/pms.108.2.608-622] [PMID] [DOI:10.2466/pms.108.2.608-622]
36. Gomes MM, Barela JA. Postural control in Down syndrome: The use of somatosensory and visual information to attenuate body sway. Motor Control. 2007; 11(3):224-34. [DOI:10.1123/mcj.11.3.224] [DOI:10.1123/mcj.11.3.224]
37. Hale L, Miller R, Barach A, Skinner M, Gray A. Motor control test responses to balance perturbations in adults with an intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability. 2009; 34(1):81-6. [DOI:10.1080/13668250802683810] [PMID] [DOI:10.1080/13668250802683810]
38. Blomqvist S, Olsson J, Wallin L, Wester A, Rehn B. Adolescents with intellectual disability have reduced postural balance and muscle performance in trunk and lower limbs compared to peers without intellectual disability. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 2013; 34(1):198-206. [DOI:10.1016/j.ridd.2012.07.008] [PMID] [DOI:10.1016/j.ridd.2012.07.008]
39. Kokubun M, Shinmyo T, Ogita M, Morita K, Furuta M, Haishi K, et al. Comparison of postural control of children with down syndrome and those with other forms of mental retardation. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 1997; 84(2):499-504. [DOI:10.2466/pms.1997.84.2.499] [PMID] [DOI:10.2466/pms.1997.84.2.499]
40. Hale L, Bray A, Littmann A. Assessing the balance capabilities of people with profound intellectual disabilities who have experienced a fall. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. 2007; 51(4):260-8. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00873.x] [PMID] [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00873.x]
41. Webber A, Virji Babul N, Edwards R, Lesperance M. Stiffness and postural stability in adults with down syndrome. Experimental Brain Research. 2004; 155(4):450-8. [DOI:10.1007/s00221-003-1743-7] [PMID] [DOI:10.1007/s00221-003-1743-7]
42. Suomi R, Koceja DM. Postural sway patterns of normal men and women and men with mental retardation during a two-legged stance test. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 1994; 75(2):205-9. [PMID] [PMID]
43. DePaepe JL, Ciccaglione S. A dynamic balance measure for persons with severe and profound mental retardation. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 1993; 76(2):619-27. [DOI:10.2466/pms.1993.76.2.619] [PMID] [DOI:10.2466/pms.1993.76.2.619]
44. Van Emmerik R, Sprague R, Newell K. Quantification of postural sway patterns in tardive dyskinesia. Movement Disorders. 1993; 8(3):305-14. [DOI:10.1002/mds.870080309] [PMID] [DOI:10.1002/mds.870080309]
45. Ko Y, Emmerik R, Sprague R, Newell K. Postural stability, tardive dyskinesia and developmental disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. 1992; 36(4):309-23. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1992.tb00530.x] [PMID] [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1992.tb00530.x]
46. Bahiraei S, Daneshmandi H. [The study of relationship between structural profiles and postural control in individual with down syndrome (Persian)]. Journal of Practical Studies of Biosciences in Sports. 2014; 2(4):21-32.
47. Pitetti K, Miller RA, Loovis M. Balance and coordination capacities of male children and adolescents with intellectual disability. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly. 2017; 34(1):1-18. [DOI:10.1123/APAQ.2016-0010] [PMID] [DOI:10.1123/APAQ.2016-0010]
48. Watson N, Rosano C, Boudreau R, Simonsick E, Ferrucci L, Sutton-Tyrrell K, et al. Executive function, memory, and gait speed decline in well-functioning older adults. Journals of Gerontology Series A-Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2010; 65(10):1093-100. [DOI:10.1093/gerona/glq111] [PMID] [PMCID] [DOI:10.1093/gerona/glq111]
49. Montero‐Odasso M, Verghese J, Beauchet O, Hausdorff JM. Gait and cognition: A complementary approach to understanding brain function and the risk of falling. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2012; 60(11):2127-36. [DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.04209.x] [PMID] [PMCID] [DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.04209.x]
50. Amboni M, Barone P, Hausdorff JM. Cognitive contributions to gait and falls: Evidence and implications. Movement Disorders. 2013; 28(11):1520-33. [DOI:10.1002/mds.25674] [PMID] [PMCID] [DOI:10.1002/mds.25674]
51. Axer H, Axer M, Sauer H, Witte OW, Hagemann G. Falls and gait disorders in geriatric neurology. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery. 2010; 112(4):265-74. [DOI:10.1016/j.clineuro.2009.12.015] [PMID] [DOI:10.1016/j.clineuro.2009.12.015]
52. Chambers HG, Sutherland DH. A practical guide to gait analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2002; 10(3):222-31. [DOI:10.5435/00124635-200205000-00009] [DOI:10.5435/00124635-200205000-00009]
53. Wert DM, Brach J, Perera S, VanSwearingen JM. Gait biomechanics, spatial and temporal characteristics, and the energy cost of walking in older adults with impaired mobility. Physical Therapy. 2010; 90(7):977-85. [DOI:10.2522/ptj.20090316] [PMID] [PMCID] [DOI:10.2522/ptj.20090316]
54. Verlinden VJ, van der Geest JN, Hofman A, Ikram MA. Cognition and gait show a distinct pattern of association in the general population. Alzheimer's & Dementia. 2014; 10(3):328-35. [DOI:10.1016/j.jalz.2013.03.009] [PMID] [DOI:10.1016/j.jalz.2013.03.009]
55. Studenski S, Perera S, Patel K, Rosano C, Faulkner K, Inzitari M, et al. Gait speed and survival in older adults. JAMA. 2011; 305(1):50-8. [DOI:10.1001/jama.2010.1923] [PMID] [PMCID] [DOI:10.1001/jama.2010.1923]
56. Finlayson J, Morrison J, Jackson A, Mantry D, Cooper SA. Injuries, falls and accidents among adults with intellectual disabilities. Prospective cohort study. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. 2010; 54(11):966-80. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01319.x] [PMID] [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01319.x]
| بازنشر اطلاعات | |
 |
این مقاله تحت شرایط Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License قابل بازنشر است. |
