● The study shows how the related factors in patients with knee osteoarthritis are correlated with disability.
● In patients with knee osteoarthritis, pain severity showed a strongly correlation but age and Body Mass Index (BMI) showed poorly correlations with disability In patients with knee osteoarthritis, pain severity showed a strongly correlation but age and Body Mass Index (BMI) showed poorly correlations with disability.
● Occupation and educational level have no significant correlation with disability in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Plain Language Summary 
Osteoarthritis is a form of arthritis which may be progressive and is related to old age.It damages cartilage and bone tissues in the joints and is associated with cartilage destruction and leads to muscle weakness and may other distortions. It ultimately causes serious damage to articular cartilage. Knee osteoarthritis is often associated with joint pain and increased articular tenderness. Demographic indicators and occupational factors affect the disease. Occupational knee osteoarthritis, and osteoarthritis occurrence following a previous knee injury are issues that studied recently. This study aimed to explore the relationship between age, pain severity, BMI, occupation, and educational level, and the severity of disability in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

● Taekwondo players with large Q angles may be at more significant risks for lower extremity injury.
● There was no association between navicular drop, knee hyperextension angle, dorsiflexion/plantarflexion range of motion, hamstring flexibility, and dynamic balance of adolescent taekwondo players and lower extremity injuries.
Plain Language Summary 
Taekwondo is a martial art and contact sport in which the athletes’ goal is to strike the opponent with maximal force. Thus, musculoskeletal injuries are common in its training and matches; however, little is known about its associated risk factors. The present study investigated risk factors for injuries among adolescent male taekwondo players. For this purpose, 60 taekwondo players from the Premier League participated in this study. All study subjects were evaluated prior to the onset of training. Navicular drop, quadriceps angle, body mass index, and hamstring flexibility of the samples were prospectively measured. Musculoskeletal injuries resulting from a 3-month season was recorded.These findings indicated that multiple anatomic measures, like the Q angle, can predict taekwondo risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries. Therefore, it’s recommended that these indicators be evaluated before the taekwondo match season is started.

● Neck injuries in the Greco-Roman style wrestlers were more frequent than the freestyle ones. 
● The injury rate increases by the enhanced frequency of training in wrestlers. 
● In terms of injury mechanism, contrary to freestyle wrestling, most injuries in Greco-Roman style wrestlers occur in the upper part of the body.
● Common factors involved in injury in wrestling are muscular force, flexibility, applied techniques, and the level of the wrestler’s tactfulness.
Plain Language Summary 
Apart from the style (Greco-Roman/free), wrestling is a sort of contact and heavy exercise with a high prevalence of injury due to the applied techniques and mechanisms in different body regions. The findings of our study revealed a difference between the neck injury, and some variables (training frequency, techniques, and injury mechanism), and injury occurrence among the wrestlers of two styles.

● Vestibular Exercises can improve static and dynamic balance (Biodex Balance System) in individuals with visual impairment.
● Vestibular Exercises can decrease risk of falling in individuals with Visually-impaired Individuals.
● Generally, Vestibular Exercises improve Quality of Life and increases social activities in blindness.
Plain Language Summary 
One of the systems involved in motor behaviors is the visual system. This causes mild visual impairment, causing mental, motor and physical problems in these people. The blindness have difficulty in balance control and quality of life and they have more instability than healthy people. Therefore, it is important to find and use new ways to encourage social relationships between people with visual impairment and exercise at home. One of these balance exercises is vestibular stimulation exercises. Since exercise therapy is a low-cost and effective method of reducing functional disorders, according to the studies, a proper rehabilitation program that includes strengthening the balance of muscular strength and repetitive movements can have a greater effect on medication than on the treatment of balance disorders.

● The results showed a high positive correlation between muscle strength in lower extremity with balance in Elderly.
● The results showed a high negetive correlation between muscle strength in lower extremity with risk of falling in Elderly.
● The results showed a high positive correlation between range of motion in lower extremity with balance in Elderly.
● The results showed a high negative correlation between range of motion in lower extremity with risk of falling in Elderly.
Plain Language Summary 
Our results suggested that muscle strength and the range of motion in the lower extremity significantly affect balance and decrease the risk of falling in the elderly. Thus, researchers could develop intervening and training exercises to promote balance and reduce the risk of falling in the elderly to improve their life quality, biopsychological well-being, and encourage an active lifestyle among them.

● Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) significantly affects the knee joint proprioception.
● The characteristics of ACL injury are proprioception dysfunction.
● The knee joint position sense of the operated knee joint, compared to the nonoperated knee in elite soccer players, along with the reconstruction of the ACL, are weaker than those of the nonoperated knee.
Plain Language Summary 
ACL injury is the most common knee ligament injury during exercise and most of these injuries are of non-collision type. ACL tear can lead to a reduction in the sensation in the knee joint and dispose the person to joint disorders.

● Joint pain occurs in two-thirds of patients, which starts concomitantly with fever.
● The treatment of AOSD is mainly centered on the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
● Ultrasonic enhance soft tissue healing decreases the inflammatory response, increases blood flow, increases metabolic activity, and decreases pain.
● US and exercises for two weeks decrease pain and increase physical performance on patient with AOSD. 
Plain Language Summary 
Adult Onset Still’s Disease (AOSD) is a rare systemic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. It is an immunologic disorder affects women slightly more than men. Its prevalence is estimated to be 1.5 cases per 100 000 to 1.5 cases per 1000 000. Joint pain occurs in two-thirds of patients. The arthralgia starts concomitantly with fever, involves any joint, and may migrate at the beginning and become more stable during the disease. A poor prognosis is associated in AOSD patients with poly articular onset. There is a strong causal relationship between joint damage and subsequent disability. Moreover, AOSD patients may experience several severe complications associated with a decrease in life expectancy. The treatment of AOSD is mainly centered on the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, steroids, and disease-modifying ant rheumatic drugs. Ultrasound is based on the application of high frequency sound waves to the tissues of the body in order to obtain mechanical or thermal effects. These effects aim to enhance soft tissue healing, decrease the inflammatory response, increase blood flow, increase metabolic activity, and decrease pain. Moreover, there is some evidence that ultrasonic energy stimulates the repair of joint cartilage in animal models of cartilage injury. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound may exert a protective effect on articular cartilage by increasing proteoglycan synthesis and counteracting the catabolic activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines, together with positive effects also by inhibiting subchondral bone sclerosis, particularly in early osteoarthritis stages. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound may also stimulate chondrocyte proliferation and matrix production, with dose-dependent effects and greater attenuation of cartilage degeneration in the early osteoarthritis phases.