شنبه 1 اردیبهشت 1403
دوره 7، شماره 1 - ( Spring 2017 -- 1396 )
جلد 7 شماره 1 صفحات 12-3 |
برگشت به فهرست نسخه ها
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Nasirzade A, Sadeghi H, Mokhtarinia H R, Rahimi A. A Review of Selected Factors Affecting Gait Symmetry. PTJ 2017; 7 (1) :3-12
URL: http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-256-fa.html
URL: http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-256-fa.html
نصیرزاده علیرضا، صادقی حیدر، مختاری نیا حمید رضا، رحیمی عباس. A Review of Selected Factors Affecting Gait Symmetry. فصلنامه فیزیک درمانی. 1396; 7 (1) :3-12
چکیده: (7267 مشاهده)
Purpose: Because walking is the main activity of humans for movement, many research studies have been conducted to understand its details. One of the main issues in this regard is gait symmetry and the effect of various factors on it. Accordingly, the present study aimed to review the selected factors affecting gait symmetry.
Methods: A literature review was performed on articles published from 2000 to 2016 using Science Direct, Google scholar, PubMed, Ovid Medline, Scopus and Medline databases. The search keywords were “gait asymmetry”, “bilateral coordination”, “bilateral asymmetry”, “limb dominance”, “laterality”, “limb preference” and “performance asymmetry.”
Results: A total of 60 scientific articles were selected according to the research criteria by searching the relevant articles published from 2000 to 2016 in reliable scientific databases.
Conclusion: A review of the previous studies shows that walking in normal people is asymmetric in terms of the lower limb function. Also, limb disorder due to the illness and or disorder creates gait asymmetry. Therefore, regaining perfect symmetry or decreasing gait asymmetry by exercise and intervention in such individuals is considered a method to examine the success of rehabilitation process. However, as factors like movement speed and age can affect gait asymmetry, they should be controlled during the examination of gait asymmetry. Moreover, this information could be useful for gait assessment, clinical prescriptions for patients with abnormalities, designing orthosis and prosthesis, as well as improving the performance of athletes.
فهرست منابع
1. Sadeghi H, Allard P, Prince F, Labelle H. Symmetry and limb dominance in able-bodied gait: A review. Gait & Posture. 2000; 12(1):34–45. doi: 10.1016/s0966-6362(00)00070-9 [DOI:10.1016/S0966-6362(00)00070-9]
2. Becker HP, Rosenbaum D, Kriese T, Gerngro H, Claes L. Gait asymmetry following successful surgical treatment of ankle fractures in young adults. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1995; 311:262-9. PMID: 7634584 [PMID]
3. Hesse S, Werner C, Seibel H, von Frankenberg S, Kappel EM, Kirker S, et al. Treadmill training with partial body-weight support after total hip arthroplasty: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2003; 84(12):1767–73. doi: 10.1016/s0003-9993(03)00434-9 [DOI:10.1016/S0003-9993(03)00434-9]
4. Patterson KK, Nadkarni NK, Black SE, McIlroy WE. Gait symmetry and velocity differ in their relationship to age. Gait & Posture. 2012; 35(4):590–4. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.11.030 [DOI:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.11.030]
5. Hodt Billington C, Helbostad JL, Vervaat W, Rognsvåg T, Moe Nilssen R. Criteria of gait asymmetry in patients with hip osteoarthritis. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. 2011; 28(2):134–41. doi: 10.3109/09593985.2011.574783 [DOI:10.3109/09593985.2011.574783]
6. Diop M, Rahmani A, Belli A, Gautheron V, Geyssant A, Cottalorda J. Influence of speed variation and age on the asymmetry of ground reaction forces and stride parameters of normal gait in children. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics B. 2004; 13(5):308–14. doi: 10.1097/01202412-200409000-00005 [DOI:10.1097/01202412-200409000-00005]
7. Ellis RG, Howard KC, Kram R. The metabolic and mechanical costs of step time asymmetry in walking. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2013; 280(1756):20122784–20122784. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2012.2784 [DOI:10.1098/rspb.2012.2784]
8. Durham S, Eve L, Stevens C, Ewins D. Effect of functional electrical stimulation on asymmetries in gait of children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Physiotherapy. 2004; 90(2):82–90. Doi: 10.1016/j.physio.2004.02.003 [DOI:10.1016/j.physio.2004.02.003]
9. Sadeghi H. Local or global asymmetry in gait of people without impairments. Gait & Posture. 2003; 17(3):197–204. doi: 10.1016/s0966-6362(02)00089-9 [DOI:10.1016/S0966-6362(02)00089-9]
10. Sadeghi H, Allard P, Duhaime M. Functional gait asymmetry in able bodied subjects. Human Movement Science. 1997; 16(2-3):243–58. doi: 10.1016/s0167-9457(96)00054-1 [DOI:10.1016/S0167-9457(96)00054-1]
11. Nasirzade A, Sadeghi H, Mokhtarinia HR, Rahimi A. Gait symmetry and its evaluation's methods: A review. Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 6(2):283-97.
12. Raibert M. Symmetry in running. Science. 1986; 231(4743):1292–4. doi: 10.1126/science.3945823 [DOI:10.1126/science.3945823]
13. Goble D., Marino G., Potvin J. The influence of horizontal velocity on interlimb symmetry in normal walking. Human Movement Science. 2003; 22(3):271–83. doi: 10.1016/s0167-9457(03)00047-2 [DOI:10.1016/S0167-9457(03)00047-2]
14. Nolan L, Wit A, Dudzi-ski K, Lees A, Lake M, Wychowa-ski M. Adjustments in gait symmetry with walking speed in trans femoral and trans tibial amputees. Gait & Posture. 2003; 17(2):142–51. doi: 10.1016/s0966-6362(02)00066-8 [DOI:10.1016/S0966-6362(02)00066-8]
15. Perttunen JR, Anttila E, Sodergard J, Merikanto J, Komi PV. Gait asymmetry in patients with limb length discrepancy. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. 2004; 14(1):49–56. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2003.00307.x [DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2003.00307.x]
16. Chockalingam N, Dangerfield PH, Rahmatalla A, Ahmed EN, Cochrane T. Assessment of ground reaction force during scoliotic gait. European Spine Journal. 2004; 13(8):750–4. doi: 10.1007/s00586-004-0762-9 [DOI:10.1007/s00586-004-0762-9]
17. Rodgers M, Forrester LW, Mizelle C, Harris Love ML. Effects of gait velocity on COP symmetry measures in individuals with stroke. Paper presented at: The 28th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Biomechanics, 8 September 2004, Portland, Oregon, United States.
18. Kramers de Quervain I, Muller R, Stacoff A, Grob D, Stussi E. Gait analysis in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. European Spine Journal. 2004; 13(5). doi: 10.1007/s00586-003-0588-x [DOI:10.1007/s00586-003-0588-x]
19. Plotnik M, Giladi N, Balash Y, Peretz C, Hausdorff JM. Is freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease related to asymmetric motor function. Annals of Neurology. 2005; 57(5):656-63. doi: 10.1002/ana.20452 [DOI:10.1002/ana.20452]
20. Plotnik M, Giladi N, Hausdorff JM. A new measure for quantifying the bilateral coordination of human gait: Effects of aging and Parkinson's disease. Experimental Brain Research. 2007; 181(4):561–70. doi: 10.1007/s00221-007-0955-7 [DOI:10.1007/s00221-007-0955-7]
21. Liikavainio T, Isolehto J, Helminen HJ, Perttunen J, Lepola V, Kiviranta I, et al. Loading and gait symmetry during level and stair walking in asymptomatic subjects with knee osteoarthritis: Importance of quadriceps femoris in reducing impact force during heel strike. The Knee. 2007; 14(3):231–8. doi: 10.1016/j.knee.2007.03.001 [DOI:10.1016/j.knee.2007.03.001]
22. Patterson KK, Parafianowicz I, Danells CJ, Closson V, Verrier MC, Staines WR, et al. Gait asymmetry in community ambulating stroke survivors. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2008; 89(2):304–10. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.08.142 [DOI:10.1016/j.apmr.2007.08.142]
23. Hodt Billington C, Helbostad JL, Moe Nilssen R. Should trunk movement or footfall parameters quantify gait asymmetry in chronic stroke patients. Gait & Posture. 2008; 27(4):552–8. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2007.07.015 [DOI:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2007.07.015]
24. Senden R, Grimm B, Heyligers IC, Savelberg HHCM, Meijer K. Acceleration based gait test for healthy subjects: Reliability and reference data. Gait & Posture. 2009; 30(2):192–6. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.04.008 [DOI:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.04.008]
25. Bosch K, Rosenbaum D. Gait symmetry improves in childhood—A 4-year follow-up of foot loading data. Gait & Posture. 2010; 32(4):464–8. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.07.002 [DOI:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.07.002]
26. Patterson KK, Gage WH, Brooks D, Black SE, McIlroy WE. Evaluation of gait symmetry after stroke: A comparison of current methods and recommendations for standardization. Gait & Posture. 2010; 31(2):241–6. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.10.014 [DOI:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.10.014]
27. Seeley MK, Umberger BR, Clasey JL, Shapiro R. The relation between mild leg length inequality and able bodied gait asymmetry. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2010; 9(4):572-9. PMCID: PMC3761822 [PMID] [PMCID]
28. Kong PW, Beauchamp G, Suyama J, Hostler D. Effect of fatigue and hypohydration on gait characteristics during treadmill exercise in the heat while wearing firefighter thermal protective clothing. Gait & Posture. 2010; 31(2):284–8. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.11.006 [DOI:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.11.006]
29. Lythgo N, Wilson C, Galea MP. Gait symmetry in school aged children and young adults whilst walking at slow, normal and fast speeds. Paper presented at: The 6th World Congress of Biomechanics (WCB 2010), 1-6 August 2010, Singapore. 2010; 178–81. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-14515-5_46 [DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-14515-5_46]
30. Bradley CE, Wutzke CJ, Zinder S, Lewek MD. Spatiotemporal gait asymmetry is related to balance/fall risk in individuals with chronic stroke. Gainesville: American Society of Biomechanics; 2012.
31. Chester VL, Calhoun M. Gait symmetry in children with autism. Autism Research and Treatment. 2012; 2012:1–5. doi: 10.1155/2012/576478 [DOI:10.1155/2012/576478]
32. Forczek W, Staszkiewicz R. An evaluation of symmetry in the lower limb joints during the able bodied gait of women and men. Journal of Human Kinetics. Walter de Gruyter GmbH; 2012; 35(1):47-57. doi: 10.2478/v10078-012-0078-5 [DOI:10.2478/v10078-012-0078-5]
33. Laroche DP, Cook SB, Mackala K. Strength asymmetry increases gait asymmetry and variability in older women. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2012; 44(11):2172–81. doi: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31825e1d31 [DOI:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31825e1d31]
34. Winiarski S, Czamara A. Evaluation of gait kinematics and symmetry during the first two stages of physiotherapy after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Acta of Bioengineering & Biomechanics. 2012; 14(2):91-100. PMID: 22794132 [PMID]
35. Plotnik M, Bartsch RP, Zeev A, Giladi N, Hausdorff JM. Effects of walking speed on asymmetry and bilateral coordination of gait. Gait & Posture. 2013; 38(4):864–9. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.04.011 [DOI:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.04.011]
36. Kobsar D, Olson C, Paranjape R, Hadjistavropoulos T, Barden JM. Evaluation of age related differences in the stride to stride fluctuations, regularity and symmetry of gait using a waist mounted tri axial accelerometer. Gait & Posture. 2014; 39(1):553–7. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.09.008 [DOI:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.09.008]
37. Kobayashi H, Kakihana W, Kimura T. Combined effects of age and gender on gait symmetry and regularity assessed by autocorrelation of trunk acceleration. Journal of Neuro Engineering and Rehabilitation. 2014; 11(1):109. doi: 10.1186/1743-0003-11-109 [DOI:10.1186/1743-0003-11-109]
38. Mahon CE, Farris DJ, Sawicki GS, Lewek MD. Individual limb mechanical analysis of gait following stroke. Journal of Biomechanics. 2015; 48(6):984–9. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.02.006 [DOI:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.02.006]
39. Hendrickson J, Patterson KK, Inness EL, McIlroy WE, Mansfield A. Relationship between asymmetry of quiet standing balance control and walking post stroke. Gait & Posture. 2014; 39(1):177–81. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.06.022 [DOI:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.06.022]
40. Hausdorff JM, Cudkowicz ME, Firtion R, Wei JY, Goldberger AL. Gait variability and basal ganglia disorders: Stride to stride variations of gait cycle timing in parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. Movement Disorders. 1998; 13(3):428-37. doi: 10.1002/mds.870130310 [DOI:10.1002/mds.870130310]
41. Sant'Anna A, Salarian A, Wickstrom N. A new measure of movement symmetry in early Parkinson's disease patients using symbolic processing of inertial sensor data. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. 2011; 58(7):2127-35. doi: 10.1109/tbme.2011.2149521 [DOI:10.1109/TBME.2011.2149521]
42. Ganguli S, Mukherji P, Bose KS. Gait evaluation of unilateral below knee amputees fitted with patellar tendon bearing prostheses. Journal of the Indian Medical Association. 1974; 63(8):256-9. [PMID]
43. Mattes SJ, Martin PE, Royer TD. Walking symmetry and energy cost in persons with unilateral transtibial amputations: Matching prosthetic and intact limb inertial properties. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2000; 81(5):561–8. doi: 10.1016/s0003-9993(00)90035-2 [DOI:10.1016/S0003-9993(00)90035-2]
44. Lugade V, Wu A, Jewett B, Collis D, Chou LS. Gait asymmetry following an anterior and anterolateral approach to total hip arthroplasty. Clinical Biomechanics. 2010; 25(7):675–80. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2010.05.003 [DOI:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2010.05.003]
45. McCrory JL, White SC, Lifeso RM. Vertical ground reaction forces: Objective measures of gait following hip arthroplasty. Gait & Posture. 2001; 14(2):104–9. Doi: 10.1016/s0966-6362(01)00140-0 [DOI:10.1016/S0966-6362(01)00140-0]
46. Böhm H, Döderlein L. Gait asymmetries in children with cerebral palsy: Do they deteriorate with running. Gait & Posture. 2012; 35(2):322–7. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.10.003 [DOI:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.10.003]
47. Kahn JH, Hornby TG. Rapid and long term adaptations in gait symmetry following unilateral step training in people with hemiparesis. Physical Therapy. 2009; 89(5):474–83. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20080237 [DOI:10.2522/ptj.20080237]
48. Auvinet B, Berrut G, Touzard C, Moutel L, Collet N, Chaleil D, et al. Reference data for normal subjects obtained with an accelerometric device. Gait & Posture. 2002; 16(2):124–34. Doi: 10.1016/s0966-6362(01)00203-x [DOI:10.1016/S0966-6362(01)00203-X]
49. Bamberg SJM, Carson RJ, Stoddard G, Dyer PS, Webster JB. The lower extremity ambulation feedback system for analysis of gait asymmetries: Preliminary design and validation results. JPO Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics. 2010; 22(1):31–6. doi: 10.1097/jpo.0b013e3181ccc065 [DOI:10.1097/JPO.0b013e3181ccc065]
50. Draper ERC. A treadmill based system for measuring symmetry of gait. Medical Engineering & Physics. 2000; 22(3):215–22. doi: 10.1016/s1350-4533(00)00026-6 [DOI:10.1016/S1350-4533(00)00026-6]
51. Błażkiewicz MI, Wiszomirska I, Wit AN. Comparison of four methods of calculating the symmetry of spatial temporal parameters of gait. Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics. 2014; 16(1):29-35. PMID: 24708092 [PMID]
52. Perry J, Burnfield JM. Gait analysis: Normal and pathological function. New Jersey: SLACK Incorporated; 2010.
53. Donker SF, Beek PJ. Interlimb coordination in prosthetic walking: Effects of asymmetry and walking velocity. Acta Psychologica. 2002; 110(2-3):265–88. doi: 10.1016/s0001-6918(02)00037-9 [DOI:10.1016/S0001-6918(02)00037-9]
54. Schaarschmidt M, Lipfert SW, Meier Gratz C, Scholle HC, Seyfarth A. Functional gait asymmetry of unilateral transfemoral amputees. Human Movement Science. 2012; 31(4):907–17. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2011.09.004 [DOI:10.1016/j.humov.2011.09.004]
55. Carpes FP, Mota CB, Faria IE. On the bilateral asymmetry during running and cycling: A review considering leg preference. Physical Therapy in Sport. 2010; 11(4):136–42. doi: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2010.06.005 [DOI:10.1016/j.ptsp.2010.06.005]
56. Beek PJ, Peper CE, Stegeman DF. Dynamical models of movement coordination. Human Movement Science. 1995; 14(4-5):573–608. doi: 10.1016/0167-9457(95)00028-5 [DOI:10.1016/0167-9457(95)00028-5]
57. Prince F, Corriveau H, Hébert R, Winter DA. Gait in the elderly. Gait & Posture. 1997; 5(2):128-35. [DOI:10.1016/S0966-6362(97)01118-1]
58. Himann JE, Cunningham DA, Rechnitzer PA, Paterson DH. Age related changes in speed of walking. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1988 ; 20:161-6. doi: 10.1249/00005768-198804001-00010 [DOI:10.1249/00005768-198804001-00010]
59. Allard P, Lachance R, Aissaoui R, Sadeghi H, Duhaime M. Able bodied gait in men and women. In: Allard P, Cappozzo A, Lundberg ACV, editors. Three Dimensional Analysis of Human Locomotion. Canada: John Wiey & Sons; 1997.
60. Ko S, Tolea MI, Hausdorff JM, Ferrucci L. Sex specific differences in gait patterns of healthy older adults: Results from the Baltimore longitudinal study of aging. Journal of Biomechanics. 2011; 44(10):1974–9. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.05.005 [DOI:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.05.005]
ارسال پیام به نویسنده مسئول
| بازنشر اطلاعات | |
 |
این مقاله تحت شرایط Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License قابل بازنشر است. |
