Copyright Policy

Copyright Ownership
Copyright in all articles published in Physical Treatments remains with the author(s). Authors are not required to transfer copyright ownership to the Journal, its owner, publisher, or co-publisher. By submitting a manuscript and agreeing to its publication, the authors grant Physical Treatments a non-exclusive right of first publication and authorize the Journal to publish, reproduce, distribute, preserve, archive, index, and disseminate the article as the version of record. This arrangement does not transfer ownership of copyright from the author(s) to the Journal, its owner, publisher, or co-publisher.
 

Licensing Policy

All articles published in Physical Treatments are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Under this license, users are permitted to:

• read and download published articles;

• copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format;

• share the material with others;

• adapt, remix, transform, and build upon the published material; and

• use the material for teaching, research, scholarly communication, and other non-commercial purposes.

These uses are permitted provided that:

• appropriate credit is given to the author(s);

• the original publication in Physical Treatments is properly cited;

• a link to the applicable Creative Commons license is provided;

• any changes made to the original material are clearly indicated; and

• the material is not used for purposes primarily intended for or directed toward commercial advantage or monetary compensation.

The complete legal terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) are available in the Creative Commons Legal Code: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode
No additional permission from the Journal or the author(s) is required for uses permitted under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license. Any use that falls outside the permissions granted by the CC BY-NC 4.0 license, including commercial use, requires appropriate permission from the copyright holder.
 

Copyright Notice

The copyright notice for articles published in Physical Treatments is: Copyright © The Author(s). Published by Physical Treatments under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
The CC BY-NC 4.0 designation should be linked to the official Creative Commons Legal Code: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode

The copyright and licensing information should be presented consistently, wherever technically applicable, on the article webpage, PDF version, HTML full text, and relevant article metadata.
 

Authors’ Rights

Authors retain copyright and publishing rights to their articles without unnecessary restrictions.
Authors may:

• share the submitted, accepted, or published version of their article;

• deposit their article in institutional, subject-based, funding agency, or personal repositories;

• make the article available through their personal or institutional websites;

• use the article for teaching, lectures, presentations, and other educational activities;

• include the article in a thesis or dissertation;

• distribute copies of the article to colleagues or students;

• reuse figures, tables, data, or excerpts from the article in subsequent scholarly works, subject to any applicable third-party rights;

• develop the work into a book chapter or academic book;

• use the article and its findings in subsequent research; and

• create derivative scholarly works based on the article in accordance with the applicable license.

Authors may deposit and share the published version of record immediately after publication without an embargo period. When reusing, depositing, or redistributing the published article, authors should acknowledge its original publication in Physical Treatments and provide the complete bibliographic citation and DOI, where available. Authors do not need to obtain additional permission from the Journal for uses already permitted under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license.
 

Rights Granted to the Journal

Authors grant Physical Treatments and its publisher/co-publisher a non-exclusive license to:

• publish the article as the version of record;

• reproduce and distribute the article in electronic and printed formats;

• host and permanently display the article on the Journal’s website;

• include the article and its metadata in bibliographic databases, abstracting and indexing services, repositories, discovery services, and scholarly platforms;

• assign and register a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) for the article;

• deposit article metadata and related information with Crossref and other relevant services;

• preserve and archive the published content through appropriate digital preservation services;

• disseminate and promote the article through legitimate academic and scholarly channels; and

• maintain the integrity of the scholarly record through appropriate post-publication notices, including corrections, retractions, and expressions of concern where necessary.

These rights are non-exclusive and do not transfer ownership of copyright from the author(s) to the Journal, its owner, publisher, or co-publisher.
 

Self-Archiving and Repository Deposit

Physical Treatments permits authors to archive and share their work without an embargo period. Authors may deposit the submitted manuscript, accepted manuscript, or published version of record in institutional repositories, subject repositories, funding agency repositories, personal academic websites, or other legitimate scholarly repositories and platforms. When the published version is deposited or shared, the original publication should be appropriately acknowledged, and the DOI or permanent link to the Journal version should be provided where available. Repository deposit does not alter the copyright ownership or licensing status of the article.
 

Third-Party Material

The CC BY-NC 4.0 license applies to the article except where otherwise indicated for particular material. Authors are responsible for identifying third-party copyrighted material included in their manuscripts and for obtaining any permission required for its reproduction or adaptation. Such material may include figures, tables, photographs, illustrations, questionnaires, scales, assessment instruments, maps, substantial text excerpts, or other copyrighted content.
Third-party material that is not included under the article’s CC BY-NC 4.0 license must be clearly identified through an appropriate copyright notice, credit line, or other statement specifying the applicable copyright holder and reuse conditions.
Users wishing to reuse material excluded from the article’s Creative Commons license must obtain permission directly from the relevant copyright holder unless the intended use is otherwise permitted by applicable law.
 

Authors’ Responsibility for Permissions

Authors are responsible for ensuring, before publication, that all necessary permissions have been obtained for copyrighted material incorporated into their articles. The Journal may request evidence of permission during editorial assessment or production. Material for which the necessary rights or permissions cannot be demonstrated may be required to be removed or replaced before publication.
 

Attribution and Moral Rights

Reuse of published material must include appropriate attribution to the original author(s) and publication. Nothing in this policy is intended to waive or diminish moral rights or other rights retained by authors under applicable law. Reuse of material must not imply endorsement by the author(s), Physical Treatments, its owner, publisher, or co-publisher unless such endorsement has been explicitly authorized.
 

Commercial Use

The CC BY-NC 4.0 license permits sharing and adaptation of published material for non-commercial purposes in accordance with the conditions of the license. The determination of whether a particular use is permitted under the license should be made in accordance with the terms of the official Creative Commons Legal Code: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode

Uses falling outside the permissions granted under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license require appropriate authorization from the copyright holder.
 

Originality and Exclusive Submission

Copyright retention and open-access licensing do not alter the Journal’s requirements concerning originality and exclusive submission.
By submitting a manuscript to Physical Treatments, authors confirm that:

• the manuscript is original;

• it has not previously been formally published, except where permitted under the Journal’s policies concerning preprints, conference abstracts, theses, dissertations, or other acceptable forms of prior dissemination;

• the manuscript is not simultaneously under consideration by another journal;

• all listed authors have approved the manuscript and its submission;

• the authors have the authority to grant the rights necessary for publication; and

• all authors agree with the Journal’s copyright, licensing, editorial, and publication policies.

Simultaneous submission of substantially the same manuscript to more than one journal is not permitted. Once an article has been published, its access, sharing, distribution, and reuse are governed by the CC BY-NC 4.0 license.
 

Preprints

Posting a manuscript as a preprint does not, by itself, constitute formal prior publication and does not prevent submission to Physical Treatments, provided that the manuscript complies with the Journal’s applicable preprint policy. Authors should disclose the existence and location of any relevant preprint at the time of submission. Following publication, authors are encouraged to update the preprint record, where technically possible, with the complete citation and DOI of the version of record published in Physical Treatments.
 

Website Copyright

The copyright and licensing provisions described above apply to scholarly articles published in Physical Treatments. Copyright and other intellectual property rights relating to the Journal’s website design, logo, trademarks, branding elements, software, administrative documents, and other non-article content belong to their respective rights holders unless otherwise stated. Rights relating to the Journal’s website and branding do not restrict the permissions granted for published articles under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license.
 

Post-Publication Changes and the Scholarly Record

Authors’ retention of copyright does not prevent Physical Treatments from taking appropriate editorial action after publication when necessary to maintain the accuracy and integrity of the scholarly record. Where justified, the Journal may publish corrections, retractions, expressions of concern, or other post-publication notices in accordance with its publication ethics and post-publication policies. Such notices should be permanently linked to the relevant article and should clearly explain the nature of the post-publication action where appropriate.
 

Relationship Between Copyright, Licensing, and Publication Ethics

Copyright ownership and Creative Commons licensing are distinct from the ethical and editorial responsibilities governing scholarly publication. The CC BY-NC 4.0 license does not authorize plagiarism, false attribution, misrepresentation of authorship, violation of privacy or confidentiality, infringement of third-party intellectual property rights, or other unlawful or unethical uses of published material. Users remain responsible for complying with applicable copyright law, privacy rights, moral rights, patent rights, trademark rights, ethical obligations, and other legal requirements that may apply to particular content.
Physical Treatments manages copyright and licensing matters in conjunction with its Open Access Policy, Principles of Publishing Ethics, post-publication policies, and other applicable editorial policies.
 

Creative Commons License

Articles published in Physical Treatments are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). The complete and authoritative legal terms of the license are available from the Creative Commons Legal Code: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode