OTHERS_CITABLE The Effects of Negative Heel Rocker Shoes on the Moment and the Contact Forces Applied on Lower Limb Joints of Diabetic Patients During Walking Purpose: The negative heel rocker shoes help reduce the plantar pressure in patients with diabetes, but their effects on the other lower limb joints are unknown. Accordingly, the current study aimed at evaluating the effect of negative heel rocker shoes on the moment and the contact forces applied on lower limb joints of diabetic patients while walking. Methods: A total of 10 patients with diabetes mellitus and 10 healthy individuals were enrolled to this quasi-experimental study. Musculoskeletal system modeling was initiated using OpenSIM and Visual 3D. After noise elimination and data processing, the independent t test was done. The statistical analyses were done by SPSS 19 and significance level was considered at less than 0.05.  Results: Vertical contact force of hip joint in the experimental group (1.17 Newton/body weight) was significantly higher than that of the control group (P=0.04). In the experimental group, the anterior-posterior contact forces of hip joint (P=0.01), knee joint (P=0.01), and ankle joint (P=0.04) were 1.3, 1.5, and 0.47 N/BW, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the control group. In the experimental group, the internal-external contact forces of hip joint (P=0.01) and knee joint (P=0.01) were 1.31 and 0.15 N/BW, respectively; which were significantly lower than those of the control group. Conclusion: Using negative heel rocker shoes is associated with decrease in the vertical contact force of ankle joint. Heel rocker shoes increase vertical and anterior-posterior forces of proximal lower limb joints (hip and knee). The increased contact force in proximal lower limb joints, especially hip joint, may increase the risk of joint injury and disruption. Thus, more attention should be paid to prescribe negative heel rocker shoes for the patients with diabetes. http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-316-en.pdf 2016-10-01 129 136 10.18869/nrip.ptj.6.3.129 Type 2 diabetes mellitus Heel rocker shoe Walking Joint contact force Moment Keyvan Sharifmoradi ksharifmoradi@gmail.com 1 Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran. AUTHOR Mohammad Taghi Karimi 2 Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, Musculoskeletal Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran AUTHOR Zeynab Rezaeeyan 3 Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, Musculoskeletal Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE The Relationship Between Peak Oxygen Consumption and Pulmonary Function Indices: Measured by Spirometry and Allometry Equation in Male Students Purpose: Allometry is a method to express the relationship between physiological and anatomical variables. It can be used to measure the vital capacity through mathematical equations. This study aimed at evaluating lung function indices to estimate the maximal aerobic power by respiratory gas analysis device and the allometric equation. Methods: This study was a descriptive and correlational research. A total of 80 subjects were chosen by convenience sampling method. Then, their anthropometric characteristics and dimensions of chest circumference (diameter and depth of the chest) were measured, and Bruce test was used to measure maximal aerobic power. The Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis were performed using SPSS 16. Results: There is a positive and significant relationship between vital capacity and maximal aerobic power (r=0.229, P=0.041) and also between the device vital capacity and formula vital capacity (r=1.00, P=0.00). Accordingly, the following model was developed (chest circumference×0.284)+(age×0.319)+(vital capacity×1.761)+inclination=Maximal oxygen consumption. Conclusion: According to the study results, there is a significant correlation between device vital capacity and formula vital capacity. Thus, in order to predict the maximal oxygen consumption, in the absence of any other experimental methods, allometric equation can be used. http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-246-en.pdf 2016-10-01 137 142 10.18869/nrip.ptj.6.3.137 Pulmonary function Peak oxygen consumption Allometric equation Seyyed Reza Attarzadeh Hosseini attarzadeh@um.ac.ir 1 Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. AUTHOR Keyvan Hejazi keyvanhejazi@gmail.com 2 Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE The Effects of Neoprene Knee Brace on Kinetics of Knee Joint of Elite Wrestlers After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructive Surgery With Hamstring Tendon Autograft Purpose: Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) tear is a common injury among wrestlers. One of its treatments is reconstructive surgery with Hamstring Tendon (HST) autograft. This research aimed to examine the effect of neoprene knee brace on the knee kinetics variables of elite wrestlers after ligament reconstructive surgery with hamstring autograft. Methods: The present research method is quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and a control group. A total of 10 elite wrestlers with average (SD) age of 26.1(2.37) years, average (SD) weight of 78.25(11.32) kg and average (SD) height of 174(3.6) cm all of whom underwent ACL reconstructive surgery with hamstring autograft 6 to 18 months prior to the present research were selected through convenience sampling method. In this research, the selected kinetic variables (ratio of the knee flexor muscles torque to the knee extensor muscles, the average peak torque, maximum power and total work of knee extensor and flexor muscles) were measured by isokinetic dynamometer Gymnex model ISO-1 at 120 degrees per second in two modes of with and without neoprene knee brace with open patella and two adjustable straps. To examine the research hypotheses, the statistical dependent t test at the significant level of 0.05 was used. All statistical analyses were done by SPSS 16. Results: The findings of statistical tests demonstrated that using neoprene knee brace results in significant changes in the average peak torque, maximum power and total work of the knee flexor muscles and also the ratio of the knee flexor muscles torque to the extensor muscles (P<0.05). Nevertheless using neoprene knee brace did not create significant changes in the kinetic variables of knee extensor muscles (P≥0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results, using neoprene knee brace could improve kinetic variables, especially knee flexor muscles in elite wrestlers after ligament reconstructive surgery. Therefore, these wrestlers after ACL reconstructive surgery through HST method and performing rehabilitation program can benefit from neoprene knee brace for improving kinetic variables of knee flexor muscles and reducing the likelihood of ligament re-injury during athletic activities. http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-254-en.pdf 2016-10-01 143 148 10.18869/nrip.ptj.6.3.143 Neoprene knee brace Knee joint kinetic Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction Hamstring tendon autograft Nader Nokhodchi nadernokhodchi1@yahoo.com 1 Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran. AUTHOR Heydar Sadeghi sadeghih@yahoo.com 2 Department of Sport Biomechanics and Pathology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. AUTHOR Ismail Ebrahimi Takamjani ebrahimi.pt@gmail.com 3 Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AUTHOR Ali Abbasi nadernokhodchi1@yahoo.com 4 Department of Sport Biomechanics and Pathology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE The Immediate Effects of Inhibitive Gastrocnemius Kinesio Taping on Static and Functional Balance Performance in Subjects With Chronic Stroke Disorders Purpose: Stroke is one of leading causes of neuromuscular disorders that affects the patients’ abilities during standing and walking. Various treatments have been used to restore and improve patients’ stability and reduce falling risks. This study aimed to assess the effect of Kinesio taping on dynamic balance and spasticity in subjects with stroke disorder. Methods: This project was single blind randomized controlled trial. A total of 22 stroke patients (11 patients were diagnosed with right-sided and 11 patients with left-sided hemiplegia) were recruited in this study. Both groups received Kinesio taping intervention. Kinesio Tex Tape was directly applied to the skin of calf muscles and kept there for 1 hour. Time up and go (TUG) test was used to assess dynamic postural control and modified modified Ashworth Scale to evaluate the degree of spasticity of plantar flexor muscles. The subjects’ static stability was evaluated based on sways of centre of pressure (CoP) on a force plate. The statistical analysis was done by performing repeated measure of analysis of variance with Minitab software (v. 17). Results: There was a statistically significant reduction of the spasticity and Time up and go test scores in the pre-taped, taped and retest conditions (P<0.05). There was a significant difference between two groups with regard to TUG test scores (P=0.013), but not spasticity scores (P=0.301). No differences were observed in CoP excursions between the test conditions for both left and right sides (P=0.415). Conclusion: These results suggest that ankle taping is useful in immediate stabilization of body posture and reduction of spasticity. Also the results of this study showed that subjects with left-sided hemiplegia have relevant balance disorders and taping better improve dynamic postural control in these patients. http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-269-en.pdf 2016-10-01 149 154 10.18869/nrip.ptj.6.3.149 Stroke Kinesio tape Postural control Balance Spasticity Abbas Ali Pourmomeny pourmomeny@gmail.com 1 Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. AUTHOR Fateme Jalaee 2 Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. AUTHOR Hamzeh Baharloo 3 Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. AUTHOR Mohammad Karimi 4 Department of Technical Orthopedic, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Comparison of Plantar Loading Characteristics During Two Fundamental Badminton Movements Between the Individuals With Cavovarus Foot Deformity and the Ones With Normal Foot Purpose: Some deformities that increase the risk of injury including cavus foot are not correctable yet and can only be limited by prevention and taking care of external causes. The current study aimed at determining if foot type (cavus or normal) resulted in loading differences during badminton fundamental movements, considering the prevalence of cavovarus foot deformity and the important role of the foot in sports - especially the sports that suddenly impose forces with different speeds on foot. Methods: Twenty healthy subjects (10 cases with normal feet and 10 with high arch feet) completed 5 trials in each condition, while in-shoe pressure data were collected at 100 Hz. Peak pressure and mean pressure were analyzed among the subjects in 5 major anatomical regions of the foot using the independent t test in SPSS version 20. Foot type was determined by foot posture index (FPI) (α<0.05). Results: Results showed that plantar loading characteristics were different in individuals with cavovarus foot deformity and the ones with normal feet. During the forward-right lunge, individuals with cavovarus foot deformity demonstrated a decrease in medial midfoot (P=0.001), lateral midfoot (P=0.040), peak pressure, toes mean pressure (P=0.036), and showed increased mean (P=0.800) and peak pressure (P=0.279) in heel region, but the decrease was not statistically significant. During the forward-left lunge, individuals with cavovarus foot deformity demonstrated a decrease in peak (P=0.010) and mean (P=0.010) pressure in midfoot and forefoot. Mean pressure in heel (P=0.608) and mean (P=0.577) and peak (P=0.509) pressure in toes increased, but the decrease was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The current findings demonstrated that the loading patterns differed between the individuals with cavovarus foot deformity and the ones with normal feet, which could possibly influence injury risk in the population. The results also indicated that suitable footwear should be used in people with foot deformities after determining the type and risk factors for the foot injuries. http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-301-en.pdf 2016-10-01 155 160 10.18869/nrip.ptj.6.3.155 Plantar loading characteristics Cavovarus foot deformity Injury prevention Fundamental badminton movements Seyed Sadredin Shojaedin sa_shojaedin@yahoo.com 1 Department of Corrective Exercise and Sport Injuries, School of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, International Campus, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. AUTHOR Parvane Bazipoor parvanebazipoor@gmail.com 2 Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. AUTHOR Iraj Abdollahi irajabdollahi@hotmail.com 3 Department of Physiotherapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AUTHOR Ali Shahhosseini shahhosseini_ali@yahoo.com 4 Department of Sports Coaching, School of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Prevalence and Risk Factors of Low Back Pain Among the Office Workers of King Edward Medical University Lahore, Pakistan Purpose: In the present era, Low Back Pain (LBP) is a destructive health problem. It affects many people and accounts for huge economic loss. Office workers have a unique lifestyle while working in sedentary position with poor body posture for long periods of time. The musculoskeletal problems can result in inconvenience or pain with bad impact on the quality of life. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done to find the prevalence and risk factors of LBP among the office workers of King Edward Medical University (KEMU), Lahore, Pakistan. After taking the ethical approval from Institutional Review Board (IRB), KEMU, Lahore, a sample size of 300 office workers was calculated by using proportion formula of sample size estimation with 5% margin of error from KEMU with effect from Jan 2015 to Sep 2015. Participants aged between 18 and 60 years with at least 1 year work experience completed the validated questionnaires. Results: Results showed that point and lifetime prevalence of LBP among office workers of KEMU, Lahore, Pakistan was 29.20% and 69.20%, respectively. LBP prevalence rose with the increase in age, work experience, low education, low physical activity, sleep disturbance, smoking habit, more sitting and standing time, computer use, and low job satisfaction. Conclusion: We concluded that different individual, ergonomic, and psychosocial factors were associated with LBP. Because of high prevalence of LBP among office workers of this university, better ergonomic facilities and awareness about sitting posture, regular exercise, good sleep, and psychological support to the workers were recommended to decrease the effects of predisposing risk factors of LBP.  http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-304-en.pdf 2016-10-01 161 168 10.18869/nrip.ptj.6.3.161 Low back pain Prevalence Risk factors Syed Asadullah Arslan asadshahgilani@gmail.com 1 Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AUTHOR Mohammad Reza Hadian hadianrs@sina.tums.ac.ir 2 Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AUTHOR Gholamreza Olyaei olyaeigh@tums.ac.ir 3 Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AUTHOR Hussein Bagheri hbagheri@tums.ac.ir 4 Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AUTHOR Mir Saeed Yekaninejad yekaninejad@yahoo.com 5 Brain and Spinal Injury Repair Research Center (BASIR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AUTHOR Sahar Ijaz sahar.ijazz@gmail.com 6 Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AUTHOR Ali Arab Kheradmand 7 Institute of Cancer, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran. AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Effects of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Muscle Spasticity in Post-Stroke Patients: An Ultrasonography and Clinical-Base Study Purpose: To investigate the effect of single session Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) over the ankle plantar flexor muscles on the spasticity, muscle architecture, and gait in chronic stroke patients. Methods: This quasi-experimental, single group study had a repeated measures design. A total of 17 post-stroke patients were selected by convenience sampling method, and received 2000 shots of ESWT on the ankle plantar flexor muscles of the affected side in one session. Outcome measures consisted of Modified Modified Ashworth Scale (MMAS), bilateral leg circumference, and muscle architecture parameters (pennation angle, fascicle length, and muscle thickness) of the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle, timed up and go (TUG) test, self-reported visual analog scale (VAS) of spasticity, and ankle passive Range of Motion (pROM). All outcomes were measured at 2 times: before the intervention and 30 minutes after the intervention. The muscle architecture parameters and leg circumference were also measured immediately after the intervention. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 18.0. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to evaluate the effects of intervention in time.  Results: Wilcoxon test revealed significant improvement in MMAS. Significant improvement in VAS, pROM, and TUG test results is also noted by means of the paired t test. ANOVA showed significant time×side interaction for the pennation angle and leg circumference. Significant effect of time was also shown by ANOVA for leg circumference. Post hoc analyses showed a significant difference for the leg circumference before the intervention and 30 minutes after it. ANOVA showed no significant change in fascicle length and muscle thickness. Spearman’s rho revealed significant positive correlation between the changes of the ankle pROM and improvement of the fascicle length.  Conclusion: According to the results single session of ESWT over the spastic plantar flexors muscle can improve clinical measures of muscle spasticity and motor function. More studies are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms for the antispastic effect of ESWT. http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-308-en.pdf 2016-10-01 169 179 10.18869/nrip.ptj.6.3.169 Stroke Spasticity Extracorporeal shock wave therapy Gait Muscle architecture Maryam Rastgoo mrpthndr1382@yahoo.com 1 Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AUTHOR Hadi Sarafraz 2 Department of Neurology, Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandarabbas,Iran. AUTHOR Hamidreza Najari 3 Department of Internal Midicine School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. AUTHOR Mohammad Reza Hadian 4 Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AUTHOR Bijan Forough 5 Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AUTHOR Asghar Rezasoltani a_rezasoltani@sbmu.ac.it 6 Physiotherapy Research Centre, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AUTHOR