@article{ author = {NodehiMoghaddam, Afsoon and AmiriArimi, Somayyeh and Ghamkhar, Leila and MohammadiRad, Shahrzad and Emami, Mahnaz and Zadmehr, Ali and Bakhshi, Enayatollah and Talimkhani, Ayli}, title = {Relationship Between Physical Activity and Risk Factors in Patients Suspected With Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) With the Number of Involved Arteries in Tehran City}, abstract ={Purpose: Due to unhealthy lifestyles, there has been an increase in the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and a reduction in its age of onset. Given the high cost of diagnosis and treatment of CAD, there is an urgent need to teach people strategies helpful in changing their lifestyles as this can help reduce the risk factors of the disease. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to examine the relationship between physical activity and some risk factors in patients with clinical suspicion of coronary atherosclerosis based on angiography findings. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 92 patients with suspicion of CAD were examined. Interviews, patient medical history, and angiography reports were used to collect data. In addition, the International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ) was used to determine the level of physical activity of the patients; this questionnaire has items in the following categories: job-related activity, patient transportation, housework, and recreation. Results: The study results indicated 6% increase in the chance of having CAD for each one-year increase in age. Patients who smoked cigarettes were about four times more likely to have coronary atherosclerosis than non-smokers. Among all participants, 34.7% had low physical activity, 43.47% had moderate physical activity, and 21.73% had high physical activity. There was also a negative relationship between the level of physical activity and severity of CAD. Conclusion: Among the effective factors for heart diseases, older age and smoking had the highest correlations with CAD. We recommend that regular exercise and cutting down on cigarettes may reduce the chance of having CAD.}, Keywords = {Coronary artery disease, Risk factor, Physical activity}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {3-8}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/nrip.ptj.6.1.3}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-282-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-282-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Rostami, Mohamad and MosallaNezhad, Zahra and NodehiMoghaddam, Afsoon and Bakhshi, Enayat Allah and Jaberzadeh, Shapoor}, title = {The Relationship Between Demographic, Health, Physical Fitness and Socioeconomic Determinants and Functional Performance of Elderly People}, abstract ={Purpose: Increased life expectancy leads to an increase in the elderly population. However, with an increase in the age, the number of chronic diseases and cognitive disorders also increases. Since the social, cultural, environmental, lifestyle and health-related behavior is specific to each nation, the present study aimed at investigating the relationship between socio-economic status, health, physical fitness, and cognitive function in older adults with functional performance in Iran. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study involving 42 older adults (20 women, 22 men) through a survey questionnaire and accessible sampling method. The age range of the study participants was 60 to 91 years. The questionnaire was used by the examiner to collect information on the age, height and weight, history of diseases, health status, physical fitness, and socio-economic status, for assessing the functional performance of older adults. The three performed tests included Sit-to-Stand test to examine the strength and lower extremity function, the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test to measure the speed and balance while walking and the Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT) for measuring the hand function. A step-wise regression model analysis was applied by using SPSS (version 19). Results: In sit-to-stand test, the test of significance of regression coefficients was profound in case of dependent variables (marital status (P=0.003) and overweight (P=0.014)). In TUG test, the dependent variables, age (P=0.002), marital status (P=0.081), and cognitive function (P=0.048) were influential on the TUG performance. In PPT, the independent variables, age (P=0.041), gender (P=0.012), marital status (P=0.058), and cognitive function (P=0.001), had a significant effect on the hand function. Conclusion: Age-related changes, cognitive functions, and socioeconomic status were the most important factors affecting the functional performance of the elderly. Weight and gender also affected some aspects of functional performance. The author further recommends controlling and preventing loss of cognitive function and improving the social status and age-related changes in the older Iranian adults.}, Keywords = {Elderly, Performance, Health, Cognition, Physical fitness, Socio-economic status}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {9-18}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/nrip.ptj.6.1.9}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-278-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-278-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Ghasemi, Safoura and Sadeghi, Heydar and TahamoliRoudsari, Ahmad and Basiri, Zahr}, title = {The Effect of 12 Weeks of Training in Water, on Land and Combined Environment on Bone Mineral Density in Premenopausal Women}, abstract ={Purpose: Given that physical activity is the most important environmental moderating factor, it has been known as an effective, available, low-cost and non-pharmacological approach to increase or maintain bone density at different ages. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of training in water, on land and combined environment on bone mineral density in premenopausal women. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group, 40 premenopausal women aged between 40 and 45 years were divided into four groups (with 10 patients each) based on the exercise environment: water, land, combined, and controlled. Each group exercised three days a week for 12 weeks, with each session lasting 70 minutes. The lumbar vertebrae bone mineral density of the participants was measured by DEXA before and after 12 weeks and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Analysis of covariance and LSD, with the significance level of .For statistical calculations, SPSS software version 21 was used. Results: In the combined environment group, the lumbar vertebrae bone mineral density showed a significant increase (P>0.05), while in the control group first vertebra bone density loss was observed for the second and fourth lumbar vertebrae(P<0.05). In comparison with the control group, there was a significant difference among the first and fourth lumbar vertebrae bone mineral density in the water exercise group;first, third and fourth lumbar vertebrae density in the land exercise group; and all lumbar vertebrae density in the combined environment group. Conclusion: Given that there was no difference observed between water and land exercise groups,exercise in any environment is recommended for premenopausal women because the least effect that exercise can have is prevention of bone loss in these ages.}, Keywords = {Bone density, Water exercise, Land exercise, Combined environment exercise, Premenopause}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {19-28}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/nrip.ptj.6.1.19}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-279-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-279-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Anbarian, Mehrdad and BagheriFard, Younes and Esmaili, Hame}, title = {sEMG Characteristics of the Lower Extremity Muscles During Walking in Mentally Retarded Adolescents}, abstract ={Purpose: Less attention has been paid to the electromyographic activity of the lower extremity muscles, which is considered as an essential part of the kinetic studies on the gait of mentally retarded individuals. Hence, the study aims at determining the surface electromyography characteristics of the lower extremity muscles of mentally retarded adolescents during walking. Methods: It is a causal-comparative study. Fifteen mentally retarded and 15 normal adolescents with an age range of 10 to 14 years participated in this study. To record the activities of vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, semi-tendinosus, tibialis anterior, long peroneal, medial gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles, sEMG was employed during the stance phase of gait. For the data analysis, an independent sample t-test was conducted using SPSS version 18. Results: The results revealed that the mentally retarded adolescents had higher level of biceps femoris muscle activity in the heel contact sub-phase (P=0.016) compared to the normal group. Also, the vastus medialis (P=0.015) and the long peroneal (P=0.026) muscles showed higher EMG activity. Furthermore, their vastus lateralis (P=0.039) and Soleus (P=0.002), and vastus medialis (P=0.045) muscles demonstrated higher and lower activities, respectively. The co-contraction rate of medial gastrocnemius and anterior tibialis muscles during the heel contact was higher (P=0.040) in individuals with mental retardation compared to the healthy group. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the mentally retarded individuals use different muscle activation patterns in comparison to healthy people. As a result, special attention should be given to the functioning of their lower extremity muscles during the corrective power exercises.}, Keywords = {Mentally retarded, Walking, Electromyography, Lower extremity, Co-contraction}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {29-36}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/nrip.ptj.6.1.29}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-280-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-280-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Fatahi, Majid and Ghasemi, Gholam Ali and MongashtiJoni, Yosef and Zolaktaf, Vahid and Fatahi, Faraj}, title = {The Effect of Lower Extremity Muscle Fatigue on Dynamic Postural Control Analyzed by Electromyography}, abstract ={Purpose: Postural control preserves organs and body parts in a proper biomechanical stance which exists in two forms: static and dynamic. Fatigue is one of the factors that affects postural control. This study aimed to compare the electromyography (EMG) activity of the lower extremity muscles before and after fatigue. Methods: This study was descriptive correlational and based on the research type a field study. Study sample comprised 20 male students majored in physical education; they were purposefully selected by non-accidental all-accounted method. Surface EMG activities of lower extremity muscles before and after fatigue were evaluated by electromyogram. To create fatigue in lower extremity muscles, we used fatigue protocol by the Biodex system. Data analysis was carried out by using SPSS 21. The paired t test was used for statistical analysis with a significance level of P<0.05.  Results: The paired t test results indicated that the activity level of the rectus femoris, hamstrings, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius muscles significantly changed before and after fatigue. The study results also supported that lower extremity muscle fatigue had a negative effect on the activity of the muscles around the knee joint. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between the postural control and the activity level of rectus femoris and tibialis anterior muscles on pretest. However, there were no significant relationships between postural control and activity level of lateral hamstrings and gastrocnemius muscles on pretest and posttest, nor the activity level of rectus femoris and tibialis anterior posttest.  Conclusion: Muscle fatigue increases joints vulnerability. These results can be used in designing athlete’s rehabilitation programs and trainings to prevent injuries or changes in biomechanical parameters of walking.}, Keywords = {Electromyography, Postural control, Fatigue, Y balance, Lower extremity muscles}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {37-50}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/nrip.ptj.6.1.37}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-284-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-284-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Minoonejad, Hooman and Tasoujian, Ehsan and Amiri, Hossein and Manteghi, Rez}, title = {Comparison of Q Angle and Tibial Torsion Among Premier League Futsal Players With and Without Hamstring Tightness}, abstract ={Purpose: Hamstring muscle is a two-jointed muscle, which is attached to the pelvis at one end and to tibia at the other. Contractures of the hamstring muscles affect the position of proximal and distal joints. The present study aims to compare the value of quadriceps angle (‘Q angle’) and tibial torsion among Premier League Futsal players with and without hamstring tightness.  Methods: In this expost facto study, 30 male players, aged 18 to 25 years old, were non-randomly and purposefully selected as subjects. They were assigned to two 15-member groups, one containing players with hamstring tightness and the other without hamstring tightness. The goniometer was used to check the hamstring muscle tightness and measure the Q angle and tibial torsion. Independent t-test was used to analyze the data at a significance level of 0.05. SPSS version 21.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: According to the findings of the present study, there was a significant difference in the value of Q angle and tibial torsion between the healthy athletes and group with hamstring tightness (P≤0.05). Conclusion: To prevent injuries in Futsal players with hamstring muscles tightness, special attention should be paid to the Q angle and tibial torsion.}, Keywords = {Tibia torsion, Q angle, Hamstring tightness, Athletes, Futsal}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {51-58}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/nrip.ptj.6.1.51}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-287-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-287-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Fathi, Arvi}, title = {Prevalence Rate of Postural Damages, Disorders and Anomalies Among Computer Users}, abstract ={Purpose: Globalization of computer use in the past two decades has increased the prevalence of musculoskeletal problems and different damages to computer users. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the prevalence rate of musculoskeletal damages and postural anomalies and disorders among computer users. Methods: This is a descriptive research study carried out as a field project on 160 university students with 3 years of experience working with computers. The data were collected using a questionnaire developed by the researcher, which was of high reliability and validity. Moreover, for evaluation of the changes in postural alignment, the New York posture rating chart was used. Data analyses were performed by using descriptive statistics, which was done using Excel software and SPSS version 21.0. Results: The findings of this study revealed that the participants suffered from pain in the head (81.25%), eyes (87.50%), neck (100%), shoulders (100%), waist (81.25%), wrist (100%), fingers (100%), pelvis (93.75%), and knees (100%). Risk factors such as not using suitable chairs, incorrect way of sitting, and lack of movement (i.e. inactivity during work) were of great significance. Moreover, the findings of this research indicated the following as the prevalent postural anomalies among university students: 85% forward head posture, 90% drooping shoulders, 70% pectoral kyphosis, 65% posterior pelvic tilt, 40% bowed knees or X-shaped legs, and 30% ankle rotation. Conclusion: Sore neck and shoulders, sore eyes, painful wrist, and fingers are very common among computer users. Forward head posture, drooping shoulder (that of the user’s dominant hand), and bowed knees or X-shaped legs were found to be the basic and prevalent postural problems among university students. Inactivity caused by over-work and not attending to ergonomic principles while working was among the key risk factors observed in this study.}, Keywords = {Damage, Musculoskeletal, Computer users}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {59-65}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/nrip.ptj.6.1.59}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-283-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-283-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Vahedi, Ghazaleh and Mosallanezhad, Zahra and Sokhangooi, Yahya and Abyaneh, Hamideh and JafariMousavi, Fakhrosadat and Ghodrati, Maryam and Ehsani, Fatemeh and Nodehi-Moghadam, Afsu}, title = {Small Ball Exercise Program for Patients With Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial}, abstract ={Purpose: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the main causes of disability in adults. Approximately 80% of LBPs lead to chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNSLBP). Damages to back region may be due to weak musculoskeletal structure, impaired muscle or joint flexibility, changes in muscle tone, and reduced strength and endurance. A set of exercises by small ball was designed by the corresponding and first authors to improve the balance of muscular activity. The current study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of small ball exercise program compared to Williams exercises, in patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain. Methods: Among the patients referred to the physical therapy clinics in Tehran, Iran, 30 cases (16 males and 14 females) were selected, considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, through accessible sampling method in 2014-2015. Demographic information was recorded. The patients were randomly allocated into one of the intervention groups. For both intervention groups, a 10-session routine electrotherapy was applied (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, hot pack, and ultrasound). Additionally, in the intervention group 1, patients received small ball exercises, but the intervention group 2 received Williams exercises (as the control). Treatment was conducted by a physiotherapist and a research fellow assessed pain intensity based on visual analogue scale (VAS) and disability index (Oswestry). Assessments were performed before starting the intervention, after treatment, and then after 2 weeks of follow-up. Paired and independent samples t tests were employed to conduct the statistical analysis by SPSS18. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups based on the baseline characteristics. In both groups, pain and disability showed significant improvement (P<0.05). But in small ball exercise group, reduction in pain (P=0.004) and disability (P=0.03) were more noticeable even after 2 weeks of follow-up. The applied treatment program was reported more acceptable and effective by patients. Conclusion: The current study, while proving beneficial effects of Williams exercise with routine physiotherapy in patients with CNSLBP, showed that substitution of these exercises by small balls exercises could enhance the effect of treatment on pain and disability. Small ball exercise program also showed better outcome in the follow-up, and was ranked higher regarding its impact, ease of implementation, and desirability by the patients.}, Keywords = {Back pain, Muscle imbalance, Physical therapy, Exercise therapy}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {71-78}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/nrip.ptj.6.2.71}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-252-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-252-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {AskaryAshtiani, Ahmad Reza and Ghiasi, Fateme and Noraie, Kheir Mohammad and KhodadadiBohloli, Bahareh}, title = {Effectiveness of Action Potential Simulation and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Pain and Function of Patients With Chronic Mechanical Shoulder Impairment}, abstract ={Purpose: Rehabilitation and physiotherapy have a major role in reducing the pain and increasing the functional ability in patients with shoulder joint pain. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Action Potential Simulation (APS) and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) in patients with Chronic Mechanical Shoulder Pain (CMSP).  Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 32 patients with CMSP were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned into APS group and TENS group, both of them received 6 sessions of intervention. The study instruments included pain intensity and shoulder Range Of Motion (ROM), America Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form, and Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index. The stability of scapula and shoulder function (shoulder dyskinesia) were measured before and after the intervention. The obtained data were analyzed using t tests by SPSS19 (P<0.05). Results: Pain intensity, shoulder ROM, and stability of scapula decreased in both groups. However, there were no significant differences between groups (P>0.05). In addition, shoulder function did not change after intervention in both groups (P>0.05).  Conclusion: With regard to study findings, APS and TENS are effective in pain reduction but none has preference over the other in treatment approaches.}, Keywords = {Action potential Stimulation, TENS, Pain, Function, Mechanical shoulder impairment}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {79-84}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/nrip.ptj.6.2.79}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-250-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-250-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Fatahi, Faraj and Ghasemi, Gholamali and Karimi, Mohamad Taghi}, title = {The Effect of 8 Weeks of Core Stability Muscles Training on Kinetics of Single-Leg Landing}, abstract ={Purpose: Core stability training (CST) has increased among athletes. The study hypothesis is that neuromuscular training and exercises of central area of trunk, pelvis and hip can reduce injury risk, and specifically peak vertical ground reaction forces in drop landing task. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate kinetics during single leg drop landing test following a CST intervention. Methods: The present research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest/posttest and a control group. After giving their informed written consent, 30 athletes (15 in the experimental group, and 15 in the control group) volunteered to participate in the training program consisting of CST sessions, 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Training group was performed the CST during 8 weeks but control group did not perform these exercises. Kinetics variables in pretest and posttest during single-leg drop landing were measured by motion analysis and force plate device. To compare the obtained data, mixed ANOVA repeated measure at significance level of P<0.05 was used. All analyses were done by SPSS 22. Results: The results revealed that the peak vertical ground reaction forces, loading rate, and average loading rate significantly reduced following 8 weeks CST intervention (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study shows evidence that core stability training improves landing kinetics, and may reduce lower extremity injury risk in athletes.}, Keywords = {Core stabilization training, Kinetics, Drop landing, Injury prevention, Ground reaction forces}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {85-92}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/nrip.ptj.6.2.85}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-267-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-267-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Mortazavi, Saideh Sadat and Mortazavi, Zahra and Mirbagheri, Sedigheh Sadat}, title = {Evaluation of the Relationship Between Fine Motor Skills and Demographic Indices in Students With Hearing Impairment}, abstract ={Purpose: Human hands, thanks to their fine movements, are efficient tools to work, play, and do daily life activities, especially in students with specific requirements such as the ones with hearing impairment. Methods: Thirty-two students (14 males and 18 females) with hearing impairment with the mean age of 8.43 years participated in the current research. The present descriptive-analytical study was conducted in a cross-sectional format using convenience sampling method. The research tools included demographic questionnaire, the Conners scale, and Purdue pegboard test. The data were analyzed by SPSS 23, and the results were evaluated based on mean value comparison tests for 2 groups (2 independent samples T-Test), and also more than 2 groups (ANOVA). Results: Average (SD) scores of different parameters were obtained as follows: speed of dominant hand, 6.67(1.20); speed of non-dominant hand, 4.81(1.42); coordination of hands, 1.34(2.96); hand skill, 14.48(3.64), and assembly, 8.26(5.31). Gender, handedness, and cause of hearing impairment did not play a significant role in the acquired scores of the hand skills (P>005). Average scores of both hands’ skill was significantly different between the rural and urban groups (P=0.013), and the average score acquired for hand skill in the rural group was higher than that of the urban group. Also, concerning the relationship between the parents’ education and hand skill, a significant relationship was observed between the mothers’ education and the students’ hand skills (P=0.006). Conclusion: The effects of mothers’ education and living place on fine motor movement were more significant than the other causes such as hearing impairment, handedness, and gender. Therefore, the necessity of rehabilitation and instructional interventions of fine (delicate) hand movements is emphasized for hand performance improvement in daily life activities, education, as well as ambient and recreational experiences. }, Keywords = {Fine motor skill, Demographic indexes, Hearing impaired student}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {93-102}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/nrip.ptj.6.2.93}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-292-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-292-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Etemadinejad, Siavash and TabatabaiGhomshe, Farhad and SorayaniBafghi, Mohammad Hossein and YazdaniCharati, Jamshi}, title = {Investigation of the Lifting Speed on Lumber Muscles Activities}, abstract ={Purpose: Low back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders, and lifting is one of its risk factors. The activities of lumbar muscles as the main muscles involved in lifting are important with regard to identification of the allowable limits and the injury mechanisms as well as the motor control aspects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the lifting speed on the lumbar muscles activities during the lifting of the light loads by squat method. Methods: In this study, 27 healthy men were tested using electromyography (EMG). The data were collected from the erector spinae and the multifidus muscles. The signal processing was performed using MATLAB software after normalization to MVC and the statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 16.  Results: The muscles activities at fast, medium, and slow speeds were not significantly different (P>0.05); however, the difference between the numerical values of muscles activities at low and high speeds were clearly visible in the diagram. The highest activity was observed in multifidus muscles and then in erector spinae muscles.  Conclusion: The results indicated that the lifting speed does not have significant effect on the activity of lumbar muscles during the lifting of light loads, but it should be noted that it can be a risk factor in the long term for individuals who are lifting a lot of loads in a day.}, Keywords = {Lifting, Squat, Electromyography, Lumbar spine, Speed}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {103-108}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/nrip.ptj.6.2.103}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-294-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-294-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Karimi, Noureddin and Moedi, Seyede Elahe and Rahnama, Leila and Arsalan, Seyed Asadullah and AbbasNia, Shahram}, title = {Assessment of the High-heel Shoes Effect on Head Protrusion Angle}, abstract ={Purpose: Wearing high-heel shoes has become a habit among women of the present era. Statistics show that around 60% of women wear high-heel shoes at least thrice a week. High-heel shoes cause postural changes and damage body joints. The present study was conducted to assess the effect of high-heel shoes on the head protrusion angle. Methods: This study was conducted at University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. A simulated instrument to high-heel shoes was used in this research. Participants of this study were 25 healthy female students with the average (SD) age of 26.64 (3.86) y, average (SD) weight of 57.04 (7.06) kg, average (SD) height of 164.04 (5.76) cm, and average (SD) body mass index of 21.17 (2.14) kg/m2. A digital camera was used and fixed on a 1-m tripod at the distance of 2.40 m from the used instrument on the heel. A software (Corel VideoStudio ProX4) was used to get the pictures from the movie for each cm increase in heel height and 9 pictures were taken from 0 to 8 height points. AutoCAD 2012-English software was used to take measurements at 9 levels. Results: The obtained data and the correlation between variables were analyzed by using ANOVA. Statistical analysis showed a significant reduction in the head protrusion angle. Results also showed significant relationship (P<0.05) between heel height and study variables. Conclusion: The present study showed the relationship between reduction in head protrusion angle and increase in heel height. }, Keywords = {Heel height, Head protrusion angle, Assessment, Photography}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {109-114}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/nrip.ptj.6.2.109}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-302-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-302-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Mirahmadi, Zohre and HemmatiAlamdarloo, Ghorb}, title = {The Effectiveness of Group Play Therapy on Social Skills of Female Students With Intellectual Disability}, abstract ={Purpose: The present research was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of group play therapy on social skills of female students with intellectual disability. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and the control group. The study population included all female students with intellectual disability in Shiraz, Iran enrolled in academic year 2013-2014. Out of them, a sample of 30 students were selected through convenience sampling method and were randomly placed in the experiment and the control groups (each group 15 students). Pretest was taken from both groups and the experiment group received training for group play therapy in 10 sessions, while this training was not provided to the control group. At the end, a posttest was taken from both groups. For measuring social skills, the social skills scale (social skills rating system) was used. The collected data were analyzed using analysis of covariance by SPSS 21. Results: According to the findings, the mean score for social skills and their subscales significantly increased in the experiment group (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The findings indicated the effectiveness of group play therapy on social skills of female students with intellectual disability. Therefore, we recommend that by designing and implementing group play therapy, social skills be improved in these students.}, Keywords = {Social skills, Group play therapy, Students, Intellectual disability}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {115-123}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/nrip.ptj.6.2.115}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-226-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-226-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Sharifmoradi, Keyvan and Karimi, Mohammad Taghi and Rezaeeyan, Zeynab}, title = {The Effects of Negative Heel Rocker Shoes on the Moment and the Contact Forces Applied on Lower Limb Joints of Diabetic Patients During Walking}, abstract ={Purpose: The negative heel rocker shoes help reduce the plantar pressure in patients with diabetes, but their effects on the other lower limb joints are unknown. Accordingly, the current study aimed at evaluating the effect of negative heel rocker shoes on the moment and the contact forces applied on lower limb joints of diabetic patients while walking. Methods: A total of 10 patients with diabetes mellitus and 10 healthy individuals were enrolled to this quasi-experimental study. Musculoskeletal system modeling was initiated using OpenSIM and Visual 3D. After noise elimination and data processing, the independent t test was done. The statistical analyses were done by SPSS 19 and significance level was considered at less than 0.05.  Results: Vertical contact force of hip joint in the experimental group (1.17 Newton/body weight) was significantly higher than that of the control group (P=0.04). In the experimental group, the anterior-posterior contact forces of hip joint (P=0.01), knee joint (P=0.01), and ankle joint (P=0.04) were 1.3, 1.5, and 0.47 N/BW, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the control group. In the experimental group, the internal-external contact forces of hip joint (P=0.01) and knee joint (P=0.01) were 1.31 and 0.15 N/BW, respectively; which were significantly lower than those of the control group. Conclusion: Using negative heel rocker shoes is associated with decrease in the vertical contact force of ankle joint. Heel rocker shoes increase vertical and anterior-posterior forces of proximal lower limb joints (hip and knee). The increased contact force in proximal lower limb joints, especially hip joint, may increase the risk of joint injury and disruption. Thus, more attention should be paid to prescribe negative heel rocker shoes for the patients with diabetes.}, Keywords = {Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Heel rocker shoe, Walking, Joint contact force, Moment}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {129-136}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/nrip.ptj.6.3.129}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-316-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-316-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {AttarzadehHosseini, Seyyed Reza and Hejazi, Keyv}, title = {The Relationship Between Peak Oxygen Consumption and Pulmonary Function Indices: Measured by Spirometry and Allometry Equation in Male Students}, abstract ={Purpose: Allometry is a method to express the relationship between physiological and anatomical variables. It can be used to measure the vital capacity through mathematical equations. This study aimed at evaluating lung function indices to estimate the maximal aerobic power by respiratory gas analysis device and the allometric equation. Methods: This study was a descriptive and correlational research. A total of 80 subjects were chosen by convenience sampling method. Then, their anthropometric characteristics and dimensions of chest circumference (diameter and depth of the chest) were measured, and Bruce test was used to measure maximal aerobic power. The Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis were performed using SPSS 16. Results: There is a positive and significant relationship between vital capacity and maximal aerobic power (r=0.229, P=0.041) and also between the device vital capacity and formula vital capacity (r=1.00, P=0.00). Accordingly, the following model was developed (chest circumference×0.284)+(age×0.319)+(vital capacity×1.761)+inclination=Maximal oxygen consumption. Conclusion: According to the study results, there is a significant correlation between device vital capacity and formula vital capacity. Thus, in order to predict the maximal oxygen consumption, in the absence of any other experimental methods, allometric equation can be used.}, Keywords = {Pulmonary function, Peak oxygen consumption, Allometric equation}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {137-142}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/nrip.ptj.6.3.137}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-246-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-246-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Nokhodchi, Nader and Sadeghi, Heydar and EbrahimiTakamjani, Ismail and Abbasi, Ali}, title = {The Effects of Neoprene Knee Brace on Kinetics of Knee Joint of Elite Wrestlers After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructive Surgery With Hamstring Tendon Autograft}, abstract ={Purpose: Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) tear is a common injury among wrestlers. One of its treatments is reconstructive surgery with Hamstring Tendon (HST) autograft. This research aimed to examine the effect of neoprene knee brace on the knee kinetics variables of elite wrestlers after ligament reconstructive surgery with hamstring autograft. Methods: The present research method is quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and a control group. A total of 10 elite wrestlers with average (SD) age of 26.1(2.37) years, average (SD) weight of 78.25(11.32) kg and average (SD) height of 174(3.6) cm all of whom underwent ACL reconstructive surgery with hamstring autograft 6 to 18 months prior to the present research were selected through convenience sampling method. In this research, the selected kinetic variables (ratio of the knee flexor muscles torque to the knee extensor muscles, the average peak torque, maximum power and total work of knee extensor and flexor muscles) were measured by isokinetic dynamometer Gymnex model ISO-1 at 120 degrees per second in two modes of with and without neoprene knee brace with open patella and two adjustable straps. To examine the research hypotheses, the statistical dependent t test at the significant level of 0.05 was used. All statistical analyses were done by SPSS 16. Results: The findings of statistical tests demonstrated that using neoprene knee brace results in significant changes in the average peak torque, maximum power and total work of the knee flexor muscles and also the ratio of the knee flexor muscles torque to the extensor muscles (P<0.05). Nevertheless using neoprene knee brace did not create significant changes in the kinetic variables of knee extensor muscles (P≥0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results, using neoprene knee brace could improve kinetic variables, especially knee flexor muscles in elite wrestlers after ligament reconstructive surgery. Therefore, these wrestlers after ACL reconstructive surgery through HST method and performing rehabilitation program can benefit from neoprene knee brace for improving kinetic variables of knee flexor muscles and reducing the likelihood of ligament re-injury during athletic activities.}, Keywords = {Neoprene knee brace, Knee joint kinetic, Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, Hamstring tendon autograft}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {143-148}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/nrip.ptj.6.3.143}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-254-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-254-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Pourmomeny, Abbas Ali and Jalaee, Fateme and Baharloo, Hamzeh and Karimi, Mohamm}, title = {The Immediate Effects of Inhibitive Gastrocnemius Kinesio Taping on Static and Functional Balance Performance in Subjects With Chronic Stroke Disorders}, abstract ={Purpose: Stroke is one of leading causes of neuromuscular disorders that affects the patients’ abilities during standing and walking. Various treatments have been used to restore and improve patients’ stability and reduce falling risks. This study aimed to assess the effect of Kinesio taping on dynamic balance and spasticity in subjects with stroke disorder. Methods: This project was single blind randomized controlled trial. A total of 22 stroke patients (11 patients were diagnosed with right-sided and 11 patients with left-sided hemiplegia) were recruited in this study. Both groups received Kinesio taping intervention. Kinesio Tex Tape was directly applied to the skin of calf muscles and kept there for 1 hour. Time up and go (TUG) test was used to assess dynamic postural control and modified modified Ashworth Scale to evaluate the degree of spasticity of plantar flexor muscles. The subjects’ static stability was evaluated based on sways of centre of pressure (CoP) on a force plate. The statistical analysis was done by performing repeated measure of analysis of variance with Minitab software (v. 17). Results: There was a statistically significant reduction of the spasticity and Time up and go test scores in the pre-taped, taped and retest conditions (P<0.05). There was a significant difference between two groups with regard to TUG test scores (P=0.013), but not spasticity scores (P=0.301). No differences were observed in CoP excursions between the test conditions for both left and right sides (P=0.415). Conclusion: These results suggest that ankle taping is useful in immediate stabilization of body posture and reduction of spasticity. Also the results of this study showed that subjects with left-sided hemiplegia have relevant balance disorders and taping better improve dynamic postural control in these patients.}, Keywords = {Stroke, Kinesio tape, Postural control, Balance, Spasticity}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {149-154}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/nrip.ptj.6.3.149}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-269-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-269-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Shojaedin, Seyed Sadredin and Bazipoor, Parvane and Abdollahi, Iraj and Shahhosseini, Ali}, title = {Comparison of Plantar Loading Characteristics During Two Fundamental Badminton Movements Between the Individuals With Cavovarus Foot Deformity and the Ones With Normal Foot}, abstract ={Purpose: Some deformities that increase the risk of injury including cavus foot are not correctable yet and can only be limited by prevention and taking care of external causes. The current study aimed at determining if foot type (cavus or normal) resulted in loading differences during badminton fundamental movements, considering the prevalence of cavovarus foot deformity and the important role of the foot in sports - especially the sports that suddenly impose forces with different speeds on foot. Methods: Twenty healthy subjects (10 cases with normal feet and 10 with high arch feet) completed 5 trials in each condition, while in-shoe pressure data were collected at 100 Hz. Peak pressure and mean pressure were analyzed among the subjects in 5 major anatomical regions of the foot using the independent t test in SPSS version 20. Foot type was determined by foot posture index (FPI) (α<0.05). Results: Results showed that plantar loading characteristics were different in individuals with cavovarus foot deformity and the ones with normal feet. During the forward-right lunge, individuals with cavovarus foot deformity demonstrated a decrease in medial midfoot (P=0.001), lateral midfoot (P=0.040), peak pressure, toes mean pressure (P=0.036), and showed increased mean (P=0.800) and peak pressure (P=0.279) in heel region, but the decrease was not statistically significant. During the forward-left lunge, individuals with cavovarus foot deformity demonstrated a decrease in peak (P=0.010) and mean (P=0.010) pressure in midfoot and forefoot. Mean pressure in heel (P=0.608) and mean (P=0.577) and peak (P=0.509) pressure in toes increased, but the decrease was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The current findings demonstrated that the loading patterns differed between the individuals with cavovarus foot deformity and the ones with normal feet, which could possibly influence injury risk in the population. The results also indicated that suitable footwear should be used in people with foot deformities after determining the type and risk factors for the foot injuries.}, Keywords = {Plantar loading characteristics, Cavovarus foot deformity, Injury prevention, Fundamental badminton movements}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {155-160}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/nrip.ptj.6.3.155}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-301-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-301-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Arslan, Syed Asadullah and Hadian, Mohammad Reza and Olyaei, Gholamreza and Bagheri, Hussein and Yekaninejad, Mir Saeed and Ijaz, Sahar and Kheradmand, Ali Arab}, title = {Prevalence and Risk Factors of Low Back Pain Among the Office Workers of King Edward Medical University Lahore, Pakistan}, abstract ={Purpose: In the present era, Low Back Pain (LBP) is a destructive health problem. It affects many people and accounts for huge economic loss. Office workers have a unique lifestyle while working in sedentary position with poor body posture for long periods of time. The musculoskeletal problems can result in inconvenience or pain with bad impact on the quality of life. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done to find the prevalence and risk factors of LBP among the office workers of King Edward Medical University (KEMU), Lahore, Pakistan. After taking the ethical approval from Institutional Review Board (IRB), KEMU, Lahore, a sample size of 300 office workers was calculated by using proportion formula of sample size estimation with 5% margin of error from KEMU with effect from Jan 2015 to Sep 2015. Participants aged between 18 and 60 years with at least 1 year work experience completed the validated questionnaires. Results: Results showed that point and lifetime prevalence of LBP among office workers of KEMU, Lahore, Pakistan was 29.20% and 69.20%, respectively. LBP prevalence rose with the increase in age, work experience, low education, low physical activity, sleep disturbance, smoking habit, more sitting and standing time, computer use, and low job satisfaction. Conclusion: We concluded that different individual, ergonomic, and psychosocial factors were associated with LBP. Because of high prevalence of LBP among office workers of this university, better ergonomic facilities and awareness about sitting posture, regular exercise, good sleep, and psychological support to the workers were recommended to decrease the effects of predisposing risk factors of LBP. }, Keywords = {Low back pain, Prevalence, Risk factors}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {161-168}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/nrip.ptj.6.3.161}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-304-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-304-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Rastgoo, Maryam and Sarafraz, Hadi and Najari, Hamidreza and Hadian, Mohammad Reza and Forough, Bijan and Rezasoltani, Asghar}, title = {Effects of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Muscle Spasticity in Post-Stroke Patients: An Ultrasonography and Clinical-Base Study}, abstract ={Purpose: To investigate the effect of single session Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) over the ankle plantar flexor muscles on the spasticity, muscle architecture, and gait in chronic stroke patients. Methods: This quasi-experimental, single group study had a repeated measures design. A total of 17 post-stroke patients were selected by convenience sampling method, and received 2000 shots of ESWT on the ankle plantar flexor muscles of the affected side in one session. Outcome measures consisted of Modified Modified Ashworth Scale (MMAS), bilateral leg circumference, and muscle architecture parameters (pennation angle, fascicle length, and muscle thickness) of the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle, timed up and go (TUG) test, self-reported visual analog scale (VAS) of spasticity, and ankle passive Range of Motion (pROM). All outcomes were measured at 2 times: before the intervention and 30 minutes after the intervention. The muscle architecture parameters and leg circumference were also measured immediately after the intervention. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 18.0. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to evaluate the effects of intervention in time.  Results: Wilcoxon test revealed significant improvement in MMAS. Significant improvement in VAS, pROM, and TUG test results is also noted by means of the paired t test. ANOVA showed significant time×side interaction for the pennation angle and leg circumference. Significant effect of time was also shown by ANOVA for leg circumference. Post hoc analyses showed a significant difference for the leg circumference before the intervention and 30 minutes after it. ANOVA showed no significant change in fascicle length and muscle thickness. Spearman’s rho revealed significant positive correlation between the changes of the ankle pROM and improvement of the fascicle length.  Conclusion: According to the results single session of ESWT over the spastic plantar flexors muscle can improve clinical measures of muscle spasticity and motor function. More studies are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms for the antispastic effect of ESWT.}, Keywords = {Stroke, Spasticity, Extracorporeal shock wave therapy, Gait, Muscle architecture }, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {169-179}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/nrip.ptj.6.3.169}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-308-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-308-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Rezaeian, Zeinab and Karimi, Mohammad Taghi}, title = {The Effects of Various Orthotic Treatments on the Standing and Walking Performance of Diabetic Patients}, abstract ={Purpose: Today considering the high prevalence of diabetes and its associated pressure ulcers, also irreparable consequences such as amputation and death, the use of orthotic devices is increasing. A variety of devices have designed to prevent ulcers in the patients’ feet, however other aspects of the treatment, especially the performance of these patients in standing and walking, which are their main daily activities, have not been considered in designing and use of orthotic devices. In addition, the differences between the available devices and their effects have not been described yet. Therefore the aim of this review article is to answer these issues. Methods: A comprehensive research was done in databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, and ISI Web of Knowledge. The keywords such as “diabetic neuropathy”, “orthosis”, “plantar pressure”, “balance”, “energy consumption”, and “spatial-temporal parameters of gait” and their results were analyzed. The quality of articles were evaluated by Downs and Black tool. Results: After proper search, 245 English articles were found with the related keywords. Then, 184 articles were excluded because of a common title or incomplete text. Also, 25 articles were excluded from the study, because their contents did not relate highly to this study or have reasonable conclusion based on the findings of other articles. Eventually the results of 36 articles were examined and reported. Conclusion: This study has examined the various articles from randomized control trial to case report. Most studies emphasized on the reduction of plantar pressures and ulcer treatment with orthotic devices. A few studies are available on the effects of orthosis in standing balance and walking parameters. However, no study was found with regard to the effect of orthotic treatments on energy consumption in these patients. Because this topic is very important, it is suggested that future studies be focused on these issues.}, Keywords = {Diabetic neuropathy, Orthosis, Plantar pressure, Balance, Energy consumption, Spatial-temporal parameters of gait}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {185-194}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/nrip.ptj.6.4.185}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-195-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-195-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {RastgarKoutenaei, Forouzan and Mosallanezhad, Zahra and Hosseinzadeh, Samaneh}, title = {The Relationship Between Anthropometric Characteristics and Low Back Pain in Women}, abstract ={Purpose: Low Back Pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal problems in the world so that about 80% of people are affected by LBP at least once in a lifetime. Therefore, knowing the risk factors for LBP is an important topic. Obesity is also a major health problem that is dramatically rising. If there is a proven relationship between obesity and LBP, losing weight can be an effective advice to help treat effectively LBP. This study aimed to evaluate the association between LBP and Body Mass Index (BMI), Body Fat Percentage (BFP), Waist to Hip Ratio (WHR), and Waist to Height Ratio (WHtR). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 60 women aged 20 to 40 years were randomly recruited by convenience sampling method during 2016-2017. They were living in one of the dormitories of Tehran, and were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of them, 30 persons suffered from LBP during the past year and 30 were healthy. Therefore, the participants were divided into two groups: LBP and healthy. Height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, and also the skin folds at triceps, quadriceps, and suprailiac were measured for all participants. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS22.  Results: The mean BMI value, although, was higher in patients with LBP, but showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=0.17). The mean values of WHR (P=0.04), WHtR (P=0.04), and BFP (P=0.03) in participants with LBP were significantly higher than those in the control group.  Conclusion: The present study confirmed the relationship between the WHR, WHtR, and also BFP with the incidence of LBP in women. The strongest relationship was found between LBP and BFP.}, Keywords = {Low back pain, Obesity, Anthropometry, Overweight, Women}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {195-200}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/nrip.ptj.6.4.195}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-307-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-307-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Norouzi, Ebrahim}, title = {Interference of Various Sources of Sensory Feedback on Transition of Relative Phase in Bimanual Coordination on Active and Inactive Woman With Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract ={Purpose: Comparing the effects of manipulating senses on relative phase transition bimanual coordination pattern of active and inactive women with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Methods: The methodology of this study was repeated-measures design. Study participants comprised 10 active women and 10 inactive women with multiple sclerosis who voluntarily participated in this experiment. The participants (n=20; aged 18-25 years) performed bimanual in-phase and anti-phase movements with their wrists at three different speeds ranging from slow to fast and 5 different sensory conditions, including 1) normal sensory input, 2) masked vision, 3) masked proprioception, 4) masked audition, and 5) full sensory deprivation. Two-way (5 sensory conditions×2 groups) analyses of variance for repeated measures (ANOVA) were performed using SPSS 24.  Results: The findings showed that the main effect of the senses and groups was not significant, while the effect of interaction between the senses and groups was significant (P=0.047). Accordingly, there was a significant difference between two groups with regard to the manipulation of proprioception, vision, and audition conditions. Regarding the effect of different senses in both active and inactive women with MS, only a significant effect was observed between two groups in manipulation of proprioception condition, when vision and audition were not manipulated (P=0.004). Also, comparing active and inactive woman with MS in different manipulated sensory conditions did not reveal significant differences. Conclusion: Proprioception in both active and inactive woman with MS has a significant impact on performing bimanual coordination task.}, Keywords = {Relative phase transition, Multiple Sclerosis, Bimanual coordination, Sensory feedback}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {201-210}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/nrip.ptj.6.4.201}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-285-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-285-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Saki, Farzaneh}, title = {Functional Movement Screen in Elite Boy Basketball Players: A Reliability Study}, abstract ={Purpose: To investigate the reliability of Functional Movement Screen (FMS) in basketball players. A few studies have compared the reliability of FMS between raters with different experience in athletes. The purpose of this study was to compare the FMS scoring between the beginners and expert raters using video records.  Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The study subjects comprised 15 elite boy basketball players. The subjects were randomly selected and each of them completed FMS tests. Three examiners (two beginners and one expert) watched the recorded video separately and scored the tests. We used the Kinovea video-analysis software for data analysis. The test-retest reliability was assessed using Intra-Class Correlation Coefficients (ICCs). Also inter-tester reliability of each test was computed using Fleiss’ kappa test.  Results: The mean (SD) total FMS score for rater 1, rater 2, and rater 3 were 14.17(1.26), 14.17(1.94), and 13.67(1.67), respectively. There was no significant difference between examiners with respect to total FMS score (P=0.136). Half of the individual FMS components had perfect agreement, and rest were categorized as moderate to substantial agreement. The high and moderate values of ICC as 0.88~0.99 and 0.71~0.91 were observed for intra-rater and inter-rater reliability, respectively.  Conclusion: The examiners reported FMS total scores similarly. The inter-rater reliability for the test components had strong agreement. This finding suggests that FMS can be used in the evaluation of the abnormal movement patterns of the athletes.}, Keywords = {Functional movement screen, Reliability, Basketball}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {211-216}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/nrip.ptj.6.4.211}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-212-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-212-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {AzizabadiFarahani, Parisa and Mokhtarinia, Hamidreza and Osqueizadeh, Rez}, title = {Design of an Ergonomics Assessment Tool for Playroom of Preschool Children}, abstract ={Purpose: Children’s interaction with the environment considerably influences their growth. To create an environment that guarantees growth and development of children’s skills, children’s characteristics should be considered in selecting facilities, design, and setting of child-related environments. Proper tools should be used to study the compliance of the current design of playrooms in preschool centers with the criteria of user-centered design. The research objective was to design a tool for ergonomic assessment of preschool playrooms with a cooperative approach. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical research, after reviewing the resources and visiting the place, the preliminary items of the assessment tool were extracted. Afterwards, a 43-item assessment tool was developed through group sessions attended by experts and personnel of preschool centers. The validity of the tool was assessed through content and face validity assessment tests. Reliability of the test was measured by test-retest. The data were analyzed by Excel 2010 and SPSS15. Results: Research results indicated that 7 of the 43 items had low content validity and needed to be rejected. The calculated content validity index of the final version was 72.9, which was acceptable. During the content validity assessment, minor changes were made to two items. Results of the reliability also showed that this tool is repeatable with ICC=0.99 Conclusion: Considering the research results, the proposed assessment tool is properly efficient in assessing the environment of preschool centers.}, Keywords = {Ergonomics, Preschool center, User-friendly, Validity, Reliability }, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {217-226}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/nrip.ptj.6.4.217}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-257-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-257-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Khodaveisi, Hamideh and Razaghzadeh, Maryam and Anbarian, Mehr}, title = {The Effect of Five-Toed Shoes on Electromyographic Activity of Leg Muscles During Stance Phase of Running}, abstract ={Purpose: The current study aimed at evaluating the effect of 5-toed shoes on electromyographic activity of leg muscles during the stance phase of running.  Methods: The current semi-experimental study recorded the electromyographic activity of tibialis anterior, soleus, gastrocnemius lateralis, and medialis muscles of 15 healthy male students (mean age: 24.5±3.4 years, mean height: 177.6±5.8 cm, and mean weight: 75.7±8.9 kg) during the stance phase of running in barefoot and shod (5-toed shoes) conditions. Paired sample t test was used for statistical analysis with SPSS19.  Results: In shod running, electromyographic activity of tibialis anterior during loading response phase (P=0.001) and electromyographic activity of soleus (P=0.002) and medial gastrocnemius (P=0.004) during propulsion phase were significantly higher, compared with the barefoot running; there was no significant difference in gastrocnemius lateralis muscle between both conditions (P˃0.05). Conclusion: According to the current study findings, using 5-toed shoes could increase electromyographic activity of leg muscles during the stance phase of running.}, Keywords = {Five-toed shoe, Electromyography, Running, Leg muscles}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {227-232}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/nrip.ptj.6.4.227}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-296-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-296-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Jalalvand, Ali and Anbarian, Mehrdad and Ahanjan, Shahram and Hajiloo, Behrouz and TayfeSeyedan, Ali Akbar}, title = {The Effect of Knee Osteoarthritis on Excursions of Lower Limb Joints During Gait}, abstract ={Purpose: This study aimed to investigate excursion changes at the hip, knee, and ankle joints during gait in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) of varying severity. Methods: The method of research was causal-comparative (Ex Post Facto). A Vicon motion analysis system with 4 T-Series cameras was used to measure the kinematics variables. Fifteen normal subjects without KOA and thirty patients with KOA participated in this study. According to Kellgren and Lawrence radiologic scale, the patients were divided into three groups of mild (n=10), moderate (n=10), and severe (n=10). Kinematics parameters of gait includes the range of motion (ROM) in all three planes of motion at the hip, knee, and ankle joints during gait, which were calculated by Vicon Nexus 1.8.5 software. All data were extracted by Polygon 3.5.1 and then were analyzed in SPSS20 using 1-way ANOVA test. The level of significance was set at P<0.05. Results: There were no significant differences in all kinematics parameters (joint angles) between the healthy and KOA groups (P>0.05). There were significant differences observed between groups of mild, moderate, and severe KOA with healthy one with respect to foot progress angles in the transverse plane, foot eversion/inversion excursion, knee flexion/extension excursion, knee abduction/adduction excursion, hip internal/external rotation excursion, anterior/posterior pelvic tilt, and lateral pelvic tilt (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that some ROM parameters in all three planes of motion can estimate the severity of osteoarthritis. Some observed changes in kinematics parameters are due to effects of compensatory mechanisms, and some might be considered as the severity of the osteoarthritis. In addition, osteoarthritis in one joint had strong effects on other joints.}, Keywords = {Severity of osteoarthritis, Joint excursion, Gait}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {233-241}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/nrip.ptj.6.4.233}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-213-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-213-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2017} }