@article{ author = {Nakhaie, Nazanin and Nodehi-Moghadam, Afsun and Bakhshi, Enayatollah and GoghatinAlibazi, Razie and Habebe, 5- Maryam}, title = {Review Paper: Activation of Shoulder Girdle Muscles during Gripping Task: a Systematic Review of Literature}, abstract ={Purpose: Muscle activation of the proximal parts is necessary for distal activities. In fact, proximal muscles provide stabilized and controlled base for distal parts activities. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine whether hand grip task can alert the activation of shoulder girdle muscles.  Methods: A literature search was done in PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, Ovid, CINAHL, Science Direct, ProQuest, Thompson, EMBASE and Medline databases for the period of 1970-2012. The keywords in this search were: hang grip, electromyography, and shoulder muscles.  Results: Using these keywords, 50 papers were found of which 17 papers met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Electromyography technique was used in most papers. The result of most studies showed that high static hand grip force increases the activity of some shoulder muscles, particularly the stabilizer muscles (rotator cuff).  Conclusion: The results indicated that hand grip tasks can alert the activation of shoulder girdle muscles.}, Keywords = {Hand Grip, Electromyography, Shoulder Muscles.}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {3-8}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-116-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-116-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Ghomashchi, Hame}, title = {Effects of Visual Biofeedback Therapy on Postural Balance of Stroke Patients}, abstract ={Purpose: Postural balance deficit is one of the common post-stroke disabilities. Providing visual biofeedback while balance activities are performed is a way to improve postural balance disorders following stroke. But among the research published, there is incoherency about the positive effects of visual biofeedback therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of using visual biofeedback as an adjunct to physical therapy exercises on recovery of postural balance of stroke patients.  Methods: A total of thirty-one hemiplegic stroke patients were included in this study and randomly assigned into case and control groups. Both groups received four weeks conventional physical therapy interventions and balance training exercises. During balance training, the case group received visual biofeedback, whereas the control group did not receive visual information. Balance performance of stroke patients were examined quantitatively using the Equi-Test testing system and Biodex stability system, walking performance was evaluated by Timed Up and Go tests, and the patients were assessed using the modified Barthel index for activities of daily living. Data were collected before starting, during, and after completion of the rehabilitation program. Repeated measure analyses of variance were performed to evaluate rehabilitation effects and independent samples T tests were done to quantify the effects of visual biofeedback.  Results: No significant differences between the groups were detected in any of the outcome variables after completion of the program. Noticeable improvements were found in dynamic balance function, mobility, and activities of daily living of both groups, whereas no statistically significant improvements were found in static balance after rehabilitation.  Conclusion: Both rehabilitation protocols created advances in the postural control system of stroke patients. Visual biofeedback balance training did not produce extra advantage for balance ability of participants who received this treatment program in comparison with those who were treated without visual biofeedback. The results showed that dynamical tasks scores and activitybased measures better than static balance measures reflect the recovery effects.}, Keywords = {Stroke, Rehabilitation, Visual Biofeedback, Balance, Postural Sway}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {9-19}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-168-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-168-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Boluki, Sepideh and Dadgoo, Mehdi and Nurizadehdehkordi, Shohreh and Kamali, Mohamm}, title = {The Effect of Knowledge & Learning on Perception and Experience of Independence among Patients with Spinal Cord Injury}, abstract ={Purpose: Individuals’ personal awareness and learning after spinal cord injury is one of the most important factors in patients’ confrontation with subsequent disabilities and new life style which affects their ultimate independence. This article is an abstracted result of a qualitative study on effective factors of independence among patients with spinal cord injury.  Methods: This study adopts a phenomenological qualitative approach and chooses its research samples from individuals with spinal cord injury including four women and seven men with paraplegic and tetraplegic SCI who live in Tehran. The data gathered trough Indepth semi-structural interviews and interpreted using Coliazzi’s method.  Results: The data divided into 10 categories and 38 subcategories arranging in three general domains: the individual, familial and social. Knowledge and learning are important categories in the individual domain which includes five subcategories: Initial knowledge level, searching for information, learning from similar pattern, needs based learning, learning from experience and repetition.  Conclusion: The research shows that the amount of information about the spinal cord injury before and learning more information after the injury influences on the sense of independence, and individuals who trying more to learn about their subsequent difficulties and needs are more successful in their future life.}, Keywords = {Spinal Cord Injury, Independence, Qualitative Research, Information and Learning}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {20-24}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-129-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-129-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Ebrahimi, Himan and Blaouchi, Ramin and Eslami, Rasoul and Shahrokhi, Mehdi}, title = {Effect of 8-Week Core Stabilization Exercises on Low Back Pain, Abdominal and Back Muscle Endurance in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain due to Disc Herniation}, abstract ={Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of core stabilization exercises on low back pain and abdominal and back muscle endurance in patients with chronic low back pain caused by disc herniation.  Methods: For this purpose, 30 male and female patients with chronic low back pain due to disc herniation (age =48.55 ± 3.35) were divided into experimental and control groups (n=15). The experimental group underwent 8-weeks core stabilization exercises whereas the control group received conventional treatment at the same time. Analysis of covariance test was used to analyze the data. VAS scale, trunk flexion endurance test, and modified Biering-Sorenson test were used to assess variables, abdominal muscle endurance and back muscle endurance, respectively.  Results: Results showed that 8-weeks core stabilization exercises caused a significantly low back pain reduction (P=0.001) and a significant increase in abdominal muscle endurance (P=0.001) and back muscles endurance (P=0.001) in the experimental group compared to the control group.  Conclusion: According to the findings of the study, core stabilization exercises in improving low back pain, abdominal and back muscle endurance in patients with chronic low back pain caused by disc herniation have been effective. Hence, cautious prescription of core stabilization exercises for these patients would be beneficial.}, Keywords = {Core Stabilization Exercises, Low Back Pain, Disc Herniation}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {25-32}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-149-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-149-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Mohammadi, Pirayeh and Akbari, Mohammad and Sarafzadeh, Jav}, title = {Comparison of Respiratory Muscle Electromyography between Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis and Healthy Subjects}, abstract ={Purpose: Scoliosis is one of the most common spinal deformities that affect chest wall mechanics. Scoliosis results in ventilator disorders and respiratory muscle weakness. However, the mechanism of these disorders is still unknown. The main objective of this study was to identify the intensity of respiratory muscles activity in patients with idiopathic scoliosis compare with healthy individuals and determine the relationship between scoliosis degree and respiratory dysfunctions. In this study, 20 female patients with adult idiopathic scoliosis (mild, moderate) as well as 10 healthy matched individuals with characteristics of the patients were selected.  Methods: Electromyography values were recorded through rest phase. In addition, the electromyography values of external intercostal muscles and diaphragm were recorded bilaterally.  Results: The RMS of concave and convex external intercostal muscles and concave diaphragm in patients with idiopathic scoliosis were reduced significantly relative to healthy individuals in rest (P<0.001, P<0.001, P=0.023). .There was a correlation between scoliosis degree and decrease in concave and convex intercostal muscle performances (P=0.001) but there was no correlation in diaphragm muscle.  Conclusion: Respiratory muscle performance is drastically decreased in patients with adult idiopathic scoliosis. There was a relationship between scoliosis degree and respiratory dysfunction. This reduction has more observed in concave side and resulted in reduced physical capacity.}, Keywords = {Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis, Electromyography. Respiratory Muscles}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {33-38}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-115-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-115-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Saki, Farzaneh and Rajabi, Reza and Alizadeh, Mohammad hosein and Tabatabaei, Farh}, title = {Relationship between Hip and Knee Strength and Knee Valgus Angle during Drop Jump in Elite Female Athletes}, abstract ={Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between hip and knee strength with knee valgus angle during drop jump in elite female athletes.  Methods: Forty female athletes (mean ± SD age, 21.5 ± 1.99 years height, 169.08 ± 8.25 cm body mass, 61.05 ± 10.06 kg) participated in this study. Isometric hip and knee muscles strength were evaluated using standard clinical procedures and a handheld dynamometer. Knee valgus angle was assessed using a 6-camera motion analysis system during a drop jump task. Pearson correlation analyses were performed to determine the relationship between hip and knee muscles strength and knee valgus angle at initial contact (P≤0.05).  Results: Hip abductor strength and knee flexor-extensor ratio were found to be negatively correlated with knee valgus angle (r = –0.229, P = 0.04 and r = –0.446, P = 0.002, respectively).  Conclusion: No relationship between measure of hip external rotation strength and knee valgus angle was observed (P = 0.39). Strength training of the hip and knee musculature may still need to be addressed in prevention programs, but it also should be combined with teaching proper}, Keywords = {Strength, Knee Valgus Angle, Knee Injuries, Kinematics}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {39-46}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-137-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-137-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Shakerinasab, Mehri and Mostamand, Javid and Jamshidi, Nima and Tahririan, Mohammad ali}, title = {The Comparison of Hip Abductors with Hip External Rotator Muscles Fatigue on Static Standing Balance in Subjects with and without Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome}, abstract ={Purpose: The patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders of the knee joint. Hip muscles’ weakness is one of the reasons for PFPS occurrence. The aim of this study was to recognize the effective muscle group in prevention and treatment of patients with PFPS.  Methods: This is a prospective and quasi-experimental study in which 30 participants (15 healthy/15 patients) who were aged between 18 and 38 years were recruited through nonprobability simple sampling. Exhaustion process of hip abductors and hip external rotator muscles was performed using Delorme method in separate sessions with a rest interval of at least 48 hours. Then, the parameters of pressure center were measured on the anterior, internalexternal plates using Force Plate System.  Results: Before the exhaustion process, parameters of the displacement length of the pressure center on the internal-external plate (P = 0.002) and the sum of the pressure center displacement length on the internal-external plate (P=0.052) were higher in the patients group. After the occurrence of fatigue in the abductor muscles of the control group, the sum of the pressure center displacement length on the internal-external plate (P = 00.1) and the velocity of the pressure center displacement length on the anterior plate (P = 0.001) and the internal-external plate (P = 0.016) were significantly increased. But in the patients group, all of the above mentioned parameters were decreased after fatigue in both the rotator muscles (P = 0.005, P = 0.054, P = 0.038) and the abductor muscles (P = 0.045, P = 0.005, P = 0.004).  Conclusion: Before the induction of fatigue, patients had more postural swing than the control group. As the fatigue increased in the abductor and the external rotator muscles, the postural swing increased in the control group but decreased in the patients group. In healthy subjects, the fatigue of abductor muscles has a greater role in postural disturbance but there was no significant difference between the fatigue in abductor and rotator muscles in patients with PFPS.}, Keywords = {Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome, Hip Abductors and External Rotator Muscles Fatigue}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {47-54}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-124-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-124-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Salavati, Mahyar and Akhbari, Behnam}, title = {In Tribute: Farshid Mohammadi, PT, PhD, Proprioception and Sensorimotor Integration in Parkinson’s Disease}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Parkinson}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {55-55}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-193-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-193-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Pourmomeny, Abbas Ali and Asadi, Sahar}, title = {Facial Rehabilitation}, abstract ={Facial nerve palsy (FNP) changes facial expression and leads to functional problems in facial movement and negative psychological effect on patients. Fortunately, some of FNP problems recover completely, but some others remain with some sequelae like asymmetry, muscle contracture, synkinesis, and hyperkinesias that need rehabilitation. This article aimed to investigate physiotherapy modalities on these sequelae. Generally, exercise therapy in the form of neuromuscular reeducation was effective when the sequelae of FNP are analyzed. Then, we could select the type of exercise therapy according to that signs and sequelae (symptom). No acceptable researches about physiotherapy modalities like electrical nerve stimulation have been reported. Therefore, using electrical stimulation is not advised. Biofeedback therapy has been approved to be suitable.}, Keywords = {Facial Nerve Palsy, Physiotherapy, Exercise Therapy, Biofeedback Therapy}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {61-68}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-118-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-118-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Daneshmandi, Hasan and Majalan, Ali Shamsi and Babakhani, Mostafa and F, Karani}, title = {The comparison of head and neck alignment in children with visual and hearing impairments and its relation with anthropometrical dimensions}, abstract ={Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare head and neck alignment in children with visual and hearing impairments and its relation with anthropometrical parameters.  Methods: The study was a descriptive, correlational analysis within which the relations between dependent and independent variables have been studied. Thirty children with poor vision, 30 children with hearing loss and finally 30 healthy ones ranged 6-12 years old were selected randomly. Anteroposterior and mediolateral photographs of the neck were obtained to check forward head and torticollis postures. Anthropometric parameters (head, neck and thorax circumference, neck, shoulder and thorax width, neck length, the distance from tragus to sternal notch and sitting-height) were measured. Statistical analysis of data was performed by 1-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient.  Results: The statistical results indicated that forward head angle was less in the visually impaired group than the group with hearing loss (P = 0.001) and the healthy group (P = 0.017). The lateral flexion angle was more in the group with hearing loss than the healthy group (P = 0.001). There is also a positive significant correlation between head circumference (P = 0.025), neck length (P = 0.001), sternal notch-tragus distance (P = 0.003), and sitting-height (P = 0.014) with forward head posture. No significant relation was observed between other anthropometrical parameters with structural profile variable (Forward head and torticollis).  Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that visual and hearing impairments can affect the head and neck alignment of children and this alignment has a significant relation with some of the anthropometrical dimensions. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to treatment exercises in order to correct and improve body posture and changed anthropometrical dimensions in children with visual and hearing impairments.}, Keywords = {Visual impairment, Hearing impairment, Anthropometrical dimensions, Forward head posture, Torticollis }, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {69-76}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-111-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-111-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Norasteh, Ali Asghar and Emami, Sara and ShamsiMajelan, Ali}, title = {Kinetic and Kinematic Variables in Middle-Aged Women with Normal and Genu Varum Knee Angle with Emphasis on Walking and Running Activities}, abstract ={Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the differences of kinetic and kinematic variables in middle-aged women with genu varum and normal knee angle during walking and running.  Methods: Eight middle-aged women with genu varum (age: 45.12 ±12.74 y, height: 160.62 ± 5.26 cm, weight: 71.75 ± 16.38 kg, right tibiofemoral angle: -4 ± 3.9, left tibiofemoral angle: -5.1 ± 4.6) and 7 with normal knee (age: 40.71 ± 11.32 y, height: 157.85 ± 5.01 cm, weight: 71.71 ± 14.00 kg, right tibiofemoral angle: 7.2 ± 2.1, left tibiofemoral angle: 7.8 ± 1.8) volunteered to participate in this study. We measured knee angle in frontal plane based on anatomical axis of femur and tibia by goniometer. This factor was labeled as tibiofemoral angle.  Results: Participants walked a 7-m pathway 6 times with self-selected speed, then they ran the same route 3 times. Independent t tests were used to determine statistical differences. Significance level was P < 0.05. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the groups in walking with self-selected speed regarding knee normalized ground reaction force, in medial-lateral and vertical plane, but this variable was significantly greater in anterior-posterior plane among normal knee group (P < 0.05). There was also no significant difference in mediallateral plane in normalized ground reaction force between the groups while they ran. However, this variable in both vertical and anterior-posterior planes was significantly greater in normal knee group (P < 0.05).  Conclusion: The results did not show any difference between the groups in angular velocity of knee joint in sagittal plane during swing phase under two situations. According to the findings, the genu varum in dynamic activities such as walking and running is more related to kinetic variables like ground reaction force. These effects are not limited to the frontal plane, however, this variable in vertical and anterior-posterior planes is significantly lower in genu varum knee angle group.}, Keywords = {Middle-Aged Women, Genu Varum Knee, Kinetic, Kinematic, Walking and Running}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {77-82}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-144-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-144-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Moradi, Ali and Rajabi, Reza and Minoonejad, Hooman and Aghaei, Marzieh}, title = {The Acute Effect of Static Stretching of Quadriceps, Hamstrings and Gastrocnemius Muscles on Knee Joint Position Sense in Football Players}, abstract ={Purpose: Everything that impairs joint proprioception system can harm joints. It has been stated that stretching exercises can change properties of the proprioceptive receptors and as a result changes the sensibility of the joints proprioception. Due to fact that static stretching has greater use between athletes, it is necessary to give useful information about the safety of these stretching exercises and their effect on knee joint position sense. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of static stretching of selected muscles around knee on knee joint position sense in football players.  Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental research with pretest and posttest design. In this study, 30 soccer players at the college level, with the mean age of 23.20 ± 1.45 years were selected through purposeful sampling. Before performing stretching exercises and measuring, subjects had 5 minutes warm up on a fixed bike with the same speed. Then, knee joint position sense were measured by electrogoniometer SG150 model and the achieved figures were recorded as pretest record in the record sheet. Then static stretching exercise protocol was applied on the selected muscle and immediately after that, joint position sense was measured. The obtained data were recorded as posttest record. The paired t test was used to compare the mean of pretest to the posttest mean.  Results: The results of the study showed that there is no significant difference between the mean of knee joint position sense before doing static stretching exercises and thereafter (P = 0.13).  Conclusion: According to the results of this study, athletes, trainers and coaches can use the static stretching without fear of negative effects on the proprioception.}, Keywords = {Quadriceps, Hamstrings and Gastrocnemius muscles, Static Stretching, Position Sense, Knee Joint, Soccer Players}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {83-89}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-147-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-147-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Javdaneh, Noorollah and Mozafaripour, Esmaeil and Javdaneh, Noormohamad and Davatikazemneya, Yashar and Pourmahmodyan, Pedram}, title = {Comparing Isometric Strength of Selected Lower Extremity Muscles in Hyperpronated Foot With Healthy Male Athletes}, abstract ={Purpose: The proper neuromuscular recruitment patterns of hip and knee muscles are essential for dynamic stabilization of the knee. According to the kinematic chain, weakness in the performance of one motor segment can affect other segments of motion. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the isometric strength of selected muscles of lower extremities in the hyperpronated foot with the same muscles in healthy male athletes.  Materials and methods: The present study is descriptive and correlational. Forty male athletes in two groups of hyperpronated foot and healthy male athletes (20 in each group) participated in this study. Pronated foot was examined by navicular drop and isometric strength of selected muscles in lower extremities was examined by Manual Muscle Test system (MMT). Then, the ratio of isometric strength of each muscle to body weight was compared between two groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 20 and the independent t test was used to compare the variables between the two groups.  Results: The results showed that isometric strength of muscles, hip abductors (P = .002), external rotators of hip (P = .007), and quadriceps muscles (P = .031) have decreased significantly in the the group of hyperpronated foot.  Conclusion: The hyperpronated foot changes the muscle strength of lower extremity. These changes may be due to neuromuscular compensation because of the changes in the medial longitudinal arch. More research is needed to determine whether these changes in muscle strength are related to lower extremity injury.}, Keywords = {Hyperpronated Foot, Isometric Strength, Lower Extremity Muscles, Healthy Men}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {90-95}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-158-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-158-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Shadmehr, Azadeh and Khademolhosseini, Najmeh and Bagheri, Hosseini and Jalaei, Shohreh}, title = {Reaction Time and Anticipatory Skill of Overhead Athletes With and Without Scapular Dyskinesia}, abstract ={Purpose: Scapular dyskinesia is a change in position or movement of scapula, which is highly prevalent in athletes with overhead activities. In addition to biomechanical changes in shoulder complex, neurocognitive impairments can have a significant role in its creation. Thus, this study aimed to compare neurocognitive scores between athletes with and without scapular dyskinesia.  Methods: In this study, 30 athletes with overhead activities participated. Caliper and SART (Speed Anticipation and Reaction Time) sets were used for assessing subjects’ scapular dyskinesia, reaction time, and anticipation skill.  Results: Athletes with scapular dyskinesia had significantly a slower visual and auditory complex choice of reaction time, and a lower auditory choice of reaction time compared to athletes without scapular dyskinesia.  Conclusion: No significant difference was seen between two groups in terms of visual choice of react i on time and anticipation skill. Thus, athletes with scapular dyskinesia had poorer performance in more complex neurocognitive tests compared to athletes without it.}, Keywords = {Reaction Time, Anticipation Skill, Overhead Athletes, Scapular Dyskinesia}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {96-101}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-163-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-163-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Gheidi, Naghmeh and Sadeghi, Heydar and TalebianMoghadam, Saeed and TabatabaeiGhoshe, Farhad and WalterKernozek, Thomas}, title = {Kinematics and Kinetics Predictor of Proximal Tibia Anterior Shear Force during Single Leg Drop Landing}, abstract ={Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinematic and kinetic variables, which predict anterior tibia shear force during single-leg landing in female athletes.  Methods: Forty-three subjects (mean and standard deviation for age 21.12 ± 2.00 y, height 168.58 ± 7.62 cm, and weight 60.27 ± 7.80 kg) participated in this study. Kinematic and kinetic variables of lower extremity and trunk during single-leg landing were collected by 5 Vicon cameras and Kistler force plate. Stepwise multiple regression and Pearson correlation were used to identify predictor variables of anterior shear force (P ≤ 0.05).  Results: Peak of extensor moment (P = 0.004, r = -0.394) and maximum knee flexion (P = 0.007, r = -0.370) were the best predictors that explained 30% of the variance of the shear force data. Therefore, rise in maximum extensors moment of knee and knee maximum flexion causes increase and decrease in anterior shear force, respectively. In addition, a significant relationship between trunk flexion (P = 0.039) and knee flexion angular velocity (P = 0.048) at the moment of initial contact with the anterior shear force.  Conclusion: On the basis of previous research, and the relationship between clinical findings, the noncontact of anterior cruciate ligament injury during landing was confirmed. These results can be used in prospective studies examining modifiable noncontact risk factors of ACL injury.}, Keywords = {Proximal Tibia Anterior Shear Force, Single Leg Drop Landing, Kinematic and Kinetic Variables, Female Athletes}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {102-108}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-148-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-148-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Saba, Maryam and Talebian, Saeed and Bagheri, Hossein and Entezari, Ebrahim}, title = {The Effect of Back Belt on Maximum Displacement and Center of Pressure Velocity in Different Lifting Styles}, abstract ={Purpose: Mechanical loading is said to be an important factor in the development of low back pain (LBP). One of the main concerns in manual material handling (MMH) tasks is lifting loads, as this activity is present in most jobs. Despite the controversy about their effectiveness, belts are used in industry as either protective or assistive devices in manual load handling. The present investigation aimed to determine whether a commonly used back belt could improve maximum center of pressure displacement (COPMD) and center of pressure velocity (COPV) as the balance parameters during each of three common styles of lifting (squat, semi-squat, stoop).  Methods: Twenty healthy female subjects participated in this study who were selected by nonprobability convenience sampling. The participants stood barefoot on the force plate. They lifted a box, weighting 4.53 kg (10 pound). The subjects were instructed to bend their knees (squat) or their lumbar (stoop) or both their knees and lumbar (semi-squat), to grasp the box handles, and to lift the load to the level of greater trochanter height. Half of the subjects performed the 3 trials with wearing belt at first try and the other half performed the trials without wearing the belt at first try.  Results: The mean of maximum displacement and velocity showed that there was a trend of increase in these variables in all 3 styles of lifting (squat, semi-squat and stoop) after wearing belt. One-way ANOVA with repeated measures results for COPMD and COPV showed that ‘Belt condition’ significantly affected the dependent variables.  Conclusion: Wearing belt may decrease stability caused by increased COPMD and COPV.}, Keywords = {Back Belt, Maximum Center of Pressure Displacement, Center of Pressure Velocity}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {109-112}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-196-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-196-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {HamneshinBehbahani, Shirin and Arab, Amir Masoud and Nejad, Leil}, title = {Systematic Review: Effects of Using Kinesio Tape on Treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis}, abstract ={Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Kinesio taping on severity of pain, the power for taking hand, functional activity and we undertook a literature review to produce evidence-based recommendation for the use of Kinesio tape in patients with lateral epicondylitis.  Methods: A literature search was done in google scholar, pubmed, science direct, proquest, medline, advanced google and pedro database. The following keywords were used: Kinesio tape, elastic tape, Taping technique، Pain, Grip strength, Lateral epicondylitis, and tennis elbow. The inclusion criteria were English and Persian articles which were published from 2000 to 2013 and articles which were case report were excluded.  Results: 26 articles including randomized clinical trial, cohort study, case-control study and trial which included healthy population, patients, male and female at any age range were extracted. 11 articles had the inclusion criteria.  Conclusion: Although Taping technique seems to an impressive effect on wrist extension، grip strength، function and pain in individuals with lateral epicondylitis, strong evidence to identify the underlying mechanisms is still not available.}, Keywords = {Kinesio tape, Elastic tape, Taping technique, Pain, Grip strength, Lateral epicondylitis, Tennis elbow}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {115-122}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-125-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-125-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Hajihosseini, Elham and Norasteh, Aliasghar and Shamsi, Ali and Daneshmandi, Hass}, title = {The Effects of Strengthening, Stretching and Comprehensive Exercises on Forward Shoulder Posture Correction}, abstract ={Purpose: The forward shoulder (FS) is one of the most common deformities accounted for 60% of shoulder abnormalities.This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 6-weekstrength training, stretch training andcomprehensive training in patients with forward shoulder abnormalities.  Methods:This quasi-experimental study design Pre-posttest with control group. Forty females students with excessive forward shoulder angle (FS>52) were chosen using purposive sampling method. The average of age, weight, height and body mass index of the samples were 22.22±1.77 years, 61.22±1.90 kg, 161.85±2.55 cm, and 23.37±0.9kg.m2 respectively. The subjects were randomly divided into 4 groups ( each 10 subjects), 3 experimental and 1 control groups. The first experimental group performed strength training, second group stretch training and third group comprehensive training for 6 weeks. In this period, the control group did not receive any training. We used photogrammetric method to measure the angle of the forward shoulder. Shoulder angle changes of the subjects before and after 6 weeks were measured. Data were analyzed using paired T-test, One-way analysis of variance and SPSS (21) (P≤0.05).  Results: According to study findings, paired t-test results in the experimental group showed that the forward shoulder angle of the subjects in corrective exercises significantly decreased so that after participating in 3 types of training program, strengthening(P=0.001, t=8.63), stretching (P=0.001, t=6.78) and comprehensive (P=0.001, t=12.11), the angle dropped in the order of 6.10, 4.90 and 7.10 degrees. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there are significant differences (P=0.001) among the effects of different exercises on the forward shoulder angle. Based on Tukey test results, the implementation of corrective exercises, strengthening (P=0.001), stretching (P=0.001), and comprehensive (P=0.001) showed a significant difference with the control group. However, no significant differences were observed among the groups of strength, stretching and comprehensive trainings with each other.  Conclusion: The results demonstrated a significant decrease in the angle of forward shoulder in the experimental group. Therefore, using this program is recommended in subjects with these deformity.}, Keywords = {Forward shoulder, Strengthening training, Stretching training, Comprehensive training}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {123-132}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-170-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-170-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Pourmahmoudian, Pedram and Minoonejad, Hooman and Jamshidi, Ali Ashraf and DavatiKazemnia, Yashar and Javdaneh, Noorollah}, title = {Investigation of Gluteus Medius and Biceps Femoris Activity in Three Plyometric Exercises}, abstract ={Purpose: This study was accomplished to investigate the electromyographic activity of 3 plyometric exercises (tuck jump and single leg hop in sagittal and frontal planes) to find out the appropriate procedures for strengthening biceps femoris and gluteus medius muscles.  Methods: The kind of study is applied and data were collected from the supervised exercises of 15 male athletes without injury of lower extremity from Tehran University, which participated voluntarily in this research. It was assumed that subjects expend the extreme potential during their activities. Statistical analysis was made using repeated measures ANOVA to investigate the muscle activity in feedforward and feedback phases of landing with SPSS 20.  Results: Significant differences (P≤0.05) were found between treatments in relation to feedforward and feedback phases of muscles activities. Single leg hop in sagittal and frontal planes showed the highest activity of biceps femoris and gluteus medius in feedforward phase, respectively. Nevertheless, tuck jump demonstrated the lowest activity of these muscles in both phases.  Conclusion: According to the results, single leg hop in sagittal and frontal planes could be the most appropriate exercises for improving strength and neuromuscular system of gluteus medius and biceps femoris. We should take special attention to these 2 plyometric exercises in exercise programs. However, tuck jump in comparison with 2 other exercises show less efectiveness.}, Keywords = {Knee joint, Plyometric exercise, Electromyography, Anterior cruciate ligament}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {133-138}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-161-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-161-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Naderi, Sasan and Mohammadipour, Fariborz and AmirSeyfaddini, MohammadRez}, title = {The Effects of Different Walking Inclinations on Knee Angle in the Frontal Plane of Patients with Varus Malalignment}, abstract ={Purpose: Given the high prevalence of varus malalignment of the knee and the consequences of walking on different surfaces on this malalignment, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of walking inclination on knee angle in the frontal plane of patients with varus malalignment.  Methods: 18 male subjects with varus malalignment classified at grade 3 bowleg, within the age range of 19-24 years, volunteered to participate in this study. The parameters of knee angle in the frontal plane at the moments of heel contact, midstance and toe off when walking on -7.5, zero, +5 and +10 percent of treadmill inclination were calculated using three-dimensional motion analysis system with six optoelectronic cameras. Repeated measures of variance and non-parametric Friedman test were used for data analysis.  Results: The results of the present study showed that as walking inclination increases, knee angle in the frontal plane decreases. The only significant differences were related to varus angle between +10 and zero percent inclinations at the moment of midstance (P<0.001) and between -7.5 and zero percent inclinations at the moment of toe off (P<0.001) and in case of other parameters, no significant differences were observed.  Conclusion: According to the obtained results, walking on upslope surfaces, probably is a suitable solution to reduce the load exerted on the knee and prevent premature osteoarthritis in young individuals with varus malalignment.}, Keywords = {Walking, Kinematics, Inclined surfaces, Knee angle in the frontal plane, Varus malalignment}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {139-144}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-182-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-182-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Kalantari, Ali Asghar and Karimi, Noureddin and Arab, Amir Massoud and Jaberzadeh, Shapour}, title = {The Effects of Active Therapeutic Exercises on the Electromyographic Activity of Lumbopelvic Muscles during Prone Hip Extension in Patients with Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain}, abstract ={Introduction: LBP is one of the most common health issues throughout the world and has multiple causes which one of them is the defect in motor patterns. This study compared the effectiveness of stability, general and mixed exercises on the electromyographic activity of ipsilateral erector spinae muscle (IES), contralateral erector spinae muscle (CES), gluteus maximus (GM) and medial hamstring (MH) during prone hip extension (PHE) in patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP).  Methods: The study used an interventional quasi-experimental design. Thirty patients with NSCLBP between the ages of 20 to 40 years were randomly divided into 3 groups (each with ten patients) including stability, general and mixed groups. The study was conducted in Spring and Summer of 2014 in Amir Physical Clinic in Isfahan. MVEA of the muscles was measured using surface electromyography (EMG) prior and after exercises during PHE. Exercises were done for 10 sessions and 3 times per week. The obtained data by SPSS (version 22) and using the Kolmogorov- Smirnov test, Independent t–test Paired t test and ANCOVA were analyzed.  Results: MVEA of GM (P=0.036) significantly increased in the group who practiced with mixed exercises. Also‚ the exercises decreased MVEA of IES‚ MH and CES. Besides, this decrease for IES (P=0.024) was significant but for MH (P=0.973) and CES (P=0.111) were not. However, the statistical results did not show any significance among any two and or all three groups.  Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that mixed exercises are more effective than stability and general exercises on the EMG activity of lumbo- pelvic muscles and could alter the electrical activity pattern of these muscles.}, Keywords = {Electromyography, Chronic low back pain, Movement pattern, Prone hip extension‚ Exercises}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {145-152}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-198-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-198-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Ghazaleh, Leila and Anbarian, Mehrdad and Karimi, Mohamad Taghi and Damavandi, Mohse}, title = {Dynamics Study of Ankle Joint during Quiet Standing Balance Control with Emphasis on Dominant and Non-dominant Lower Limb}, abstract ={Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of dominant lower limb on the correlation between some of the dynamic variables of ankle joint and center of mass during quiet standing balance control.  Methods: Twelve healthy females with no known neurological or musculoskeletal disorders, with the mean age of 26±3.5 years, participated in this study. Motion analysis system, force platform and Visual3D software were utilized in order to measure and compute the research variables. The relationship between research variables was evaluated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. T test and One-way ANOVA were used to examine the effect of dominant leg on the correlations.  Results: Findings indicated the correlation between ankle joint moment and center of mass displacement (r=0.95) was higher than the correlation between ankle angular displacement and center of mass displacement (r=0.84). It seems that the leg factor (dominance and nondominance) does not influence the correlation of angular displacement of ankle joint and center of mass displacement. However, it influenced the correlation between ankle joint moment and center of mass displacement.  Conclusion: Therefore according to the present study it can be said that the kinetic variables of ankle joints are more important than kinematic variables for the prediction of center of mass displacement. In addition, it is suggested that in order to evaluate the lower extremity dynamics, during balance control, dominant and non-dominant lower limbs of the subjects be noticed too.}, Keywords = {Balance control, Angular displacement, Joint moment, Body mass center, Dominant lower limb}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {153-160}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-192-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-192-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {NoorizadehDehkordi, Shohreh and Dadashzadeh, Leila and Dadgoo, Mahdi and Shafaroodi, Narges and Kamali, Mohamm}, title = {Experience of Physiotherapists of Teamwork Results: Teamwork of Team Work Results: A Qualitative Study}, abstract ={Purpose: In modern societies, in order to save medical costs and provide improved and comprehensive healthcare services, cooperation of various specialties in the form of teamwork has gained significant popularity. Physiotherapists, as members of the treatment team, try to improve the health of their fellow human beings. This study aimed to describe physiotherapists’ experience and perception of teamwork in hospital environment.  Methods: This study was conducted using the conventional qualitative method of content analysis. Participants were 11 physiotherapists with 7-25 years of work experience, who were purposefully selected from 6 hospitals in Tehran. For data collection, in-depth semi-structured interviews over one year (2012-2013) were conducted and the obtained data were analyzed using content analysis method.  Results: The findings obtained from the interviews were categorized into two main areas : 1) changes in the beliefs and feelings of the physiotherapists, including increased satisfaction, motivation, increased relaxation, decreased stress and work pressure, accepting criticism, increased trust in and respect for physiotherapy services, giving specialists a holistic view, and 2) increased job productivity, higher quality of services, more references avoiding parallel procedures reduction of secondary complications of diseases, increased awareness and knowledge.  Conclusion: Teamwork has positive effects on the beliefs, feelings, and job productivity of the physiotherapists working in Tehran hospitals. Because of the growing trend of chronic diseases and increasing elderly population in Iran, provision of comprehensive and holistic healthcare services seems to be necessary in Iran and the need for further research on teamwork is pressing.}, Keywords = {Teamwork results, Physiotherapist, Hospital, Qualitative research}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {161-168}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-180-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-180-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Haddadi, Raziyeh and Ravanbakhsh, Majid and Sa’adati, Najmiyeh and Mohammadi, Masumeh and Nargesi, Moslem}, title = {The Effect of Breathing Exercises on Breathing Pattern of Pregnant Women}, abstract ={Purpose: Physiological changes during pregnancy impose numerous changes on the respiratory system that can affect the health of both mother and fetus. Regarding the importance of the normal breathing in the health of mother and fetus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of breathing exercise on breathing pattern of pregnant women.  Methods: The study population was pregnant women with gestational age of 28 weeks. The sample comprised 52 pregnant women aged 18 to 35 years. The subjects were randomly divided into the intervention and control groups. The intervention group performed specific breathing exercises 3 times a day, each time 15-20 minutes for 10 weeks. In this period, the control group did not receive any training program. Pressure of End Tidal Carbon Dioxide (PETCO2) was measured using capnography device before and after this period in both groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to examine normal distribution of the data. In order to study the changes within each group, paired t-test was used and for comparing the groups, Independent t-test was used. P <0.05 was considered as the significant level.  Results: Comparison of PETCO2 of two groups before performing breathing exercises showed that mean PETCO2 in the intervention group was 1.08 mmHg less than the control group.This difference was not significant (P= 0.308). However, after performing breathing exercises, mean PETCO2 in the intervention group was 2.34 mmHg higher than the control group, which showed a significant difference (P= 0.011).  Conclusion: According to these results, performing breathing exercises increases the amount of PETCO2 and pushes it toward the normal range in pregnant women. Therefore, these exercises can help modify breathing patterns in pregnant women, and has a significant role in fetal and maternal health.}, Keywords = {Pregnancy, Breathing exercise, Breathing pattern}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {169-173}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-172-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-172-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Bahmani, Andiya and Arab, Amir Masoud and Khorasany, Bijan and Shahali, Shabnam and Foroutan, Mojg}, title = {Systematic Review: The Role of Pelvic Floor Muscles Dysfunction in Constipation}, abstract ={Purpose: Pelvic floor muscle dysfunction is a common cause of constipation. This dysfunction does not respond to current treatments of constipation. Thus, it is important to identify this type of dysfunction and the role of these muscles in constipation. The purpose of the present study was to review the previously published studies concerning the role of pelvic floor muscles dysfunction in constipation and related assessment methods.  Methods: Articles were obtained by searching in several databases including, Elsevier, Science Direct, ProQuest, Google scholar, and PubMed. The keywords that were used were ‘constipation,’ ‘functional constipation,’ and ‘pelvic floor dysfunction.’ Inclusion criteria included articles that were published in English from 1980 to 2013. A total of 100 articles were obtained using the mentioned keywords that among them articles about constipation, its definition, types, methods of assessment, and diagnosis were reviewed. Of these articles, 12 articles were related to the assessment procedures and pelvic floor muscle function in constipation.  Results: The overall outcome of the studies provided sufficient evidence indicating the role of pelvic floor muscle dysfunction in constipation.  Conclusion: Therefore, attention to this cause is effective in recovery process of these patients. There isn’t agreement to better assessment method. It seems that manometry is a good way in the medical field and palpation as an acceptable procedure can be used in rehabilitation field.}, Keywords = {Pelvic floor muscle dysfunction, Constipation, Functional constipation}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {177-182}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-80-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-80-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Sahebozamani, Mansour and AmirSeyfaddini, Mohammad Reza and Mohammadi, Hem}, title = {Effects of Lace-up and Aircast Ankle Braces on Dynamic Postural Control in Functional Fatigue Condition: A Study on Volleyball Players with Ankle Instability}, abstract ={Purpose: To determine the more effective ankle brace (lace-up or Aircast ankle brace) at providing dynamic postural control in volleyball players with unstable ankle under functional fatigue conditions.  Methods: Subjects of this study participated in 3 separate testing sessions and did not use or used a different brace at each session i.e. no brace (NB), lace-up ankle brace (AB), and Aircast ankle brace (AA). Through each testing sessions the functional fatigue protocol was performed and dynamic postural control test was performed by Biodex Balance System (single leg stability testing in difficulty level 4) after induced functional fatigue. They were 15 volleyball players with at least 3 years playing record in the national and or Kerman Province leagues at youth and teenagers levels (mean age 19.46±1.50 years, mean height 182.53±5.28 cm, mean mass 67.70±5.91 kg, VO2max 52.05±2.97 mL/kg/min) and stratified sampling method was used. All two by two comparisons were performed by using 1-way repeated measures analysis to investigate the effects of different braces. Data analysis was done by SPSS 16 and significance level was P≤0.05.  Results: According to the results, both types of ankle brace could improve dynamic postural control under functional fatigue condition. Although lace-up ankle brace was more efficient than Aircast ankle brace, the difference was not statistically significant.  Conclusion: In athletes with unstable ankle, a brace can prevent ankle sprain via improving dynamic postural control in fatigue condition.}, Keywords = {Ankle brace, Functional fatigue, Ankle instability, Dynamic postural control}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {183-190}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-169-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-169-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Sharifmoradi, Keyvan and Farahpour, Nader and Karimi, Mohammad Taghi and Bahram, Abbas}, title = {Analysis of Dynamic Balance during Walking in Patients with Parkinson\'s Disease & Able-Bodied Elderly People}, abstract ={Purpose: Walking pattern in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) is abnormal, and dynamic balance of these patients is not clear yet. The objective of this study was to analyze the dynamic balance of patients with PD during walking and comparing it with normal elderly individuals.  Methods: This is an Ex-post - facto research study design. Twelve male patients with PD (mean age: 64.0±7.8 y mean height: 165.0±7.0 cm mean mass: 65.3±10.3 kg and mean BMI: 24.1±3.6 kg/m2) and 12 healthy male subjects as the peer group with matched age, height, weight, and BMI participated in this study. All subjects were chosen using convenience sampling method. Vicon motion analysis system was used to analyze temporal variables and center of mass (COM) displacement of the subjects during walking. Data were analyzed in SPSS-19 using independent t test with P<0.05.  Results: Stride length and walking speed was significantly smaller in patients with PD than that in peer group (P<0.05). Mediolateral displacement of COM was not different between the two groups (P>0.05). However, posterioanterior and vertical displacements of COM were significantly smaller in patients with PD.  Conclusion: Stride length, walking speed, as well as the posterioanterior and vertical displacement of COM in patients with PD were lower than those variables in normal subjects. These changes might be considered as a compensatory response of neuromuscular system to the affected dynamic postural control in these patients.}, Keywords = {Postural balance, Parkinson's disease, Walking speed}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {191-198}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-181-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-181-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Jamebozorgi, Ali Asghar and Zakeri, Ladan and Kahlaee, Amir Hossein and Ghomashchi, Hamed and Irani, Ashk}, title = {Comparing Unilateral and Bilateral Total Knee Replacement Based on the Functional Approach}, abstract ={Purpose: Total Knee Replacement (TKR) is the treatment of choice for severe osteoarthritis with acceptable outcomes regarding pain management, function and quality of life enhancement. Because many patients require TKR procedure for their both knees, there has always been a challenge in the choice of simultaneous or consecutive operations. The aim of the present study was to compare the two protocols based on functional capabilities of patients with osteoarthritis (OA).  Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, twenty five severe patients with OA candidates for bilateral TKR (sampled by simple convenient method) were assigned into unilateral (3 men, 9 women) and bilateral (3 men, 10 women) groups based on the preference of the patients for the surgery procedure. Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) was used to evaluate functional capabilities of the patients prior to and 6 weeks after the operation and rehabilitation program. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used for the statistical analysis by SPSS 21 software.  Results: The findings indicated that the KOOS scores of the 2 groups were not significantly different before or after the interventions. Besides, patients in both groups showed significant improvement after TKR and the following rehabilitation program (P<0.01 for both groups and all KOOS subscales).  Conclusion: TKR and the post-operative rehabilitation program could significantly enhance function of the severe OA patients but no priority for either unilateral or simultaneous bilateral methods was recognized.}, Keywords = {Osteoarthritis, Total knee replacement, Function}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {199-204}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-204-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-204-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Sadeghi, Heydar and Banitalebi, Ebrahim and RaeisiDehkordi, Mehdi}, title = {The Effect of Body-Weight-Supported Training Exercises on Functional Ambulation Profile in Patients with Paraplegic Spinal Cord Injury}, abstract ={Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effect of Body-Weight-Supported Treadmill Training (BWSTT) exercises on functional ambulation profile in patients with paraplegic spinal cord injury.  Methods: This was a quasi experimental study with pre test and post test. The statistical population consisted of paraplegia spinal cord injured persons in Shahrekord City. Seventeen voluntary patients with paraplegic spinal cord injury (American Spinal Injury Association [ASIA] B, C classification, with the demographic data [mean±SD] of age 32.53±1.793 y, height 175.71±1.658 cm, weight 71.59±2.442 kg, and Body Mass Index [BMI] 23.18±0.828 kg/m2) selected with convenience sampling. The subjects were randomly assigned to BWSTT group (n=10) and traditional exercise group (n=7). Both groups were trained 60 min per session, 4 sessions per week for 12 weeks. BWSTT included 15 min warm up on fixed gear bike, 45 min BWSTT with 50% body weight and finally 10 min cold down. About 10% load was added each week. Traditional exercises included 15 min warm up plus 45 min stretch exercise and resistance training. SPSS 19.0 software was used to examine between groups. An independent t test was used to compare the changes between pretest and post test between BWSTT and traditional training groups.  Results: The data showed that there were significant differences between BWSTT and traditional groups with regard to changes in lower extremity motor score (P<0.001), walking index spinal cord injury (P=0.002), 6 min walking test (P=0.001), and 10 meter walking test (P=0.001).  Conclusion: BWSTT in comparison with traditional exercise can improve more motor function and quality and quantity of walking in people with paraplegic spinal cord injury (ASIA B, C classification).}, Keywords = {Spinal cord injury, Paraplegic, Exercise, Motor function, Bodyweight- supported training}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {205-212}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-156-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-156-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Nazary-Moghadam, Salman and Akhbari, Behnam and Esteki, Ali and Salavati, Mahyar and Keyhani, Sohrab and Zeinalzadeh, Afsaneh}, title = {Effect of Dual-Tasking on Variability of Spatiotemporal Parameters in Subjects with and without Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency Using Linear Dynamics}, abstract ={Purpose: The present study aimed to determine the effect of dual-tasking on spatiotemporal characteristics in subjects with and without Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency (ACLD) using linear dynamics.  Methods: In this mixed model design study, spatiotemporal parameters were measured in 22 patients with ACLD (25.95±4.69 y) and 22 control subjects (24.32±3.37 y) while they were walking with different levels of gait velocity (high velocity, self-selected velocity, low velocity) in isolation or concurrently with auditory Stroop task. Coefficient of Variation (CV) was used to calculate variability of step length, step time and step width as dependent variables using custommade MATLAB code. Mixed model of analysis of variance and post hoc analyses were used for data analysis.  Results: The results showed that interactions of group by gait velocity due to cognitive difficulty were not significant for all mentioned variables (P>0.05). Group Interactions due to cognitive task difficulty were significant only in CV of step width (P=0.05). Interactions of motor task difficulty by cognitive difficulty were significant for CV of step length, step time, and step width in all participants (P<0.05). The main effects of gait velocity in all dependent variables were significant (P<0.05).  Conclusion: Results showed that step width variability is a more sensitive measure for detecting interaction of group due to cognitive task difficulty compared to variability of step length and step time. Future studies could test this hypothesis in ACL deficient subjects using different measures.}, Keywords = {Gait, Anterior cruciate ligament, Attention, Variability}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {213-220}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-203-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-203-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Akhbari, Behnam and Salavati, Mahyar and Ebarahimi, Ismail and Ezzati, Kamran and HaghighatKhah, Hamidrez}, title = {Association of Ultrasonography Findings with Pain, Range of Motion, Disability, and Pressure Pain Threshold in Subjects with Upper Trapezius Myofascial Pain Syndrome}, abstract ={Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the association of ultrasonography findings with pain, range of motion, disability, and pressure pain threshold in patients with upper trapezius myofascial pain syndrome.  Methods: A total of 60 subjects with upper trapezius myofascial pain syndrome (mean age: 25.90±4.47 y mean weight: 63.53±7.76 kg mean height: 166.55±5.65 cm and pain duration: 9.75±6.04 month) were selected with nonprobability convenient sampling method and examined. After methodological study, all participants were evaluated regarding their pain, cervical range of motion, functional disability, pressure pain threshold (PPT), maximum muscle and fascia thickness as well as strain ratio by the following instruments, respectively: visual analogue scale, goniometry, neck disability index, algometer, sonography, and sonoelastography.  Results: The ICC values for intra- and inter-examiner reliability of variables were high to very high (0.72-0.96). The correlation coefficients between pain (r=0.22), range of motion (r=0.11), disability (r=0.13), PPT (r=0.32), and maximum thickness of muscle were moderate. The correlation coefficients between pain (r=0.13), range of motion (r=0.23), disability (r=0.17), PPT (r=0.23) and maximum thickness of fascia were low. The correlation coefficients between pain (r=-0.65), range of motion (r=-0.23), disability (r=-0.41), PPT (r=0.71) were high. Values of β for strain ratio and pain were -0.35 (P=0.01), range of motion, -0.14, (P=0.03) disability, -0.19, (P=0.03) and PPT, 0.41 (P<0.001).  Conclusion: Strain ratio of upper trapezius muscle in subjects with myofascial pain syndrome has strong correlation with pain, disability, and PPT. However, maximum muscle thickness and fascia of the upper trapezius are correlated with these variables poorly. PPT is the highly correlated factor with strain ratio.}, Keywords = {Myofascial pain syndrome, Sonography, Disability, Strain ratio}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {221-227}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-202-en.html}, eprint = {http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-202-en.pdf}, journal = {Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal}, issn = {2423-5830}, eissn = {2423-5830}, year = {2015} }